Help For MS-DOS Shell for MS-DOS 6
----------------------------------

!I!@
MS-DOS Shell Help Index

To see a topic:

 - Double-click the topic.

Or

 - Press TAB to select the topic you want, and then press ENTER.

KEYBOARD HELP
-------------
   " General MS-DOS Shell Keys "~K101~
   " Movement Keys "~K102~
   " Help Keys "~K109~
   " Active Task List Keys "~K103~
   " Program List Keys "~K104~
   " File List Keys "~K105~
   " File Selection Keys "~K106~
   " Directory Tree Keys "~K107~
   " Drive Selection Keys "~K108~

COMMANDS HELP
-------------
File List Menus
   " File Menu "~I205~
   " Options Menu "~I202~
   " View Menu "~I203~
   " Tree Menu "~I204~
   " Help Menu "~I210~

Program List Menus
   " File Menu "~I201~
   " Options Menu "~I202~
   " View Menu "~I209~
   " Help Menu "~I210~

View Screen Menus
   " Display Menu "~I207~
   " View Menu "~I208~
   " Help Menu "~I210~

PROCEDURES HELP
---------------
   " Basic Procedures "~R100~
   " File List Procedures "~R101~
   " Program List Procedures "~R102~
   " Running Programs "~R103~
   " Other MS-DOS Shell Procedures "~R104~

MS-DOS SHELL BASICS HELP
------------------------
   " Welcome to MS-DOS Shell "~$100~
   " Menus and Commands "~$103~
   " Dialog Boxes "~$105~
   " File List and Program List "~$114~
   " File List Overview "~1N~
   " Program List Overview "~I099~
   " How to Leave MS-DOS Shell "~$125~

USING HELP
----------
   " Requesting Help Directly "~H100~
   " Using Help Buttons "~H102~
   " Using Help Menu Commands "~H103~
   " How to Learn About MS-DOS Shell "~H104~@@

!R!@
Procedures

Each of the following topics contains a list of procedures.

To see a list of procedures:

 - Double-click the topic.

Or

 - Press TAB to select the topic you want, and then press
   ENTER.

   " Basic Procedures "~R100~
   " File List Procedures "~R101~
   " Program List Procedures "~R102~
   " Running Programs "~R103~
   " Other MS-DOS Shell Procedures "~R104~@@

Following is F1 Help (context-sensitive) for menus, commands, dialog boxes, options, command buttons, and messages, in all views including the Help window itself.

-----------------------PROGRAM LIST F1 HELP-----------------

!PMHD!!1MHD!@
File Menu

You can use commands on the File menu to add, open, copy, delete, and change the properties of program items and groups. You can also add files to groups and change the order in which program items and groups are listed. In addition, you can quit MS-DOS Shell, or run a program.@@

!PMAA!!1MAA!@
New Command

Adds a new group or program item to the currently selected group.

Related Procedures
   " Adding and Changing Program Groups "~I100~
   " Adding Program Items to Program Groups "~I102~@@

!1DSS!@
New Program Object Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can choose whether you want to create a new program item or a new group. Select either Program Item or Program Group, and choose the OK button.

A program item contains start-up instructions for a program. It's not the program file.

A program group is a collection of program items in the program list.

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.

Related Procedures
   " Adding and Changing Program Groups "~I100~
   " Adding Program Items to Program Groups "~I102~@@

!PDSR!!PDSS!@
New Program Item or New Program Group

Select either Program Item or Program Group, and choose the OK button.

A program item contains start-up instructions for a program. It's not the program file.

A program group is a collection of program items in the program list.@@

!PD3Y!!1D3Q!@
Add Program Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can type information about the program item you are adding. You must type a name for the program item and a command that starts the program.

Related Procedure
   " Adding Program Items to Program Groups "~I102~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!PD3Q!!PD:Q!@
Program Title Box

Type a name for your program item in the Program Title box. It can contain up to 23 characters (including blank spaces). @@

!PD3R!!1D3R!!PD:R!@
Commands Box

Type the command that starts the program, including any parameters. It can contain up to 255 characters (including blank spaces).

Replaceable Parameters
----------------------
One kind of parameter you can specify is a replaceable parameter that tells MS-DOS Shell to display a dialog box when the program starts.

For example, if you want MS-DOS Shell to prompt you for a file to open when you start Microsoft Word, you can use the following startup command:

     word %1

NOTE: The replaceable parameter must be between 1 and 9. Zero and 10 will not work. For each numeral you set, MS-DOS Shell will display a dialog box.

Using More than One Command
---------------------------
You can type as many commands in the Commands box as you like. To use more than one command, separate each command with a semicolon (;). There must be a space on each side of the semicolon.

Related Topic
   " Defining the Prompt Dialog Box "~PD7W~@@

DB displays when choose program item
!PDCW!@
File Dialog Box

In this dialog box, type the name of the file you want the program to open. When you choose the OK button, the program will start and open the file.

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!PD7W!@
Defining the Prompt Dialog Box

You can define the dialog box that MS-DOS Shell displays when you choose the program item. You can specify the title of the dialog box, explanatory information, the prompt message, and parameters that allow you to open files without using a dialog box.

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!PD7Q!@
Window Title Box

Type or edit the title of the dialog box that you are defining.@@

!PD7R!@
Program Information Box

If you like, you can type or edit text that will appear at the top of the dialog box.@@

!PD7S!@
Prompt Message Box

If you like, you can type or edit a prompt for the text box. For example, the message, "File to Edit?" prompts you to type a filename in the text box.@@

!PD7T!@
Default Parameters Box

You can specify a default parameter, such as a filename, that will appear in the Prompt dialog box whenever you choose the program item.

There are two parameters you can use to open files directly.
MS-DOS Shell will suggest the file specified by the following parameters:

To suggest                  Type this parameter
----------                  -------------------
The file selected
when you start the
program                           %f

The parameter
used the last
time the program
was used                          %l@@

!PD3S!!PD:S!!1D3S!@
Startup Directory Box

You can type the path to the directory that contains the data files the program uses.

This directory will become the current directory when you choose the program item.@@

!PD3T!!1D3T!!PD:T!@
Application Shortcut Key Box

You can add or change a shortcut key combination for the program. When you choose the Enable Task Swapper command, you can use the shortcut key combination to move to the program if it is running. The shortcut key does not start the program.

To create the shortcut key combination, press either SHIFT, CTRL, or ALT, and a letter. After you create it, it will appear next to the program name in the Active Task List.

NOTE: Some key combinations are not available. Do not use the following combinations:

CTRL+C
CTRL+M
CTRL+I
CTRL+H
CTRL+[
CTRL+5 (on the keypad)
SHIFT+CTRL+M
SHIFT+CTRL+I
SHIFT+CTRL+H
SHIFT+CTRL+[
SHIFT+CTRL+5 (on the keypad)

Related Procedure
   " Adding Program Items to Program Groups "~I102~@@

!PD3U!!1D3U!!PD:U!@
Pause After Exit Check Box

If you select this check box, when you quit the program MS-DOS prompts you to press any key to return to MS-DOS Shell. If you don't select it, you return immediately to MS-DOS Shell when you quit the program.

Pausing is useful if you want to read text that your program displays after it finishes running, before you return to MS-DOS Shell.@@

!PD3V!!1D3V!!PD:V!@
Password Box

You can type a password up to 20 characters (including blank spaces). If you don't want to use a password, leave the Password box empty.

A password protects a program item by limiting access to those who know the password. After you change a password, write it down and keep it in a safe place. A dialog box will prompt you for the password every time you use the program item.@@

!PD3Z!!PD:Z!@
Advanced Button

Displays another dialog box where you can specify additional properties.@@

!PD8]!@
Advanced Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can add Help text and specify memory, video mode, reserved shortcut keys, and program switching.

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!PD3Q!!PD8Q!!PD0U!!PDBU!@
Help Text Box

You can type up to 255 characters (including blank spaces) of Help information for the program group or item. If you don't want to use Help text, leave the Help Text box empty.

Line Breaks
-----------
In the Help Text box, pressing ENTER doesn't indicate a line break.

To indicate a line break:

 - Type a caret (^) followed by the letter m.

Viewing the Help Text
---------------------
You can read this Help text by selecting the program item or group and pressing F1.@@

!PD8R!@
Conventional Memory KB Required Box

You can specify in kilobytes the minimum amount of memory required to run this program when using task swapping. The default value is 128.

If less memory is available when you start a program, MS-DOS Shell will display a message.@@

!PD8S!@
XMS Memory KB Required Box

You can specify in kilobytes the minimum amount of extended memory required to run this program when using task swapping. The default value is zero.

If less memory is available when you start a program, MS-DOS Shell will display a message.@@

!PD8T!@
XMS Memory KB Limit Box

You can specify in kilobytes the maximum amount of extended memory that can be used by the program. This option controls the amount of memory that can be swapped by the program. The default value is 384 on systems that have at least this much memory. Otherwise, the default value is the total amount of extended memory.@@

!PD8U!!PD8V!@
Video Mode Option

This option reserves memory for screen display information during task swapping. Usually the memory reserved by Text mode is enough, but you may need more memory if you are running a CGA video adapter.

Select this option  If
------------------  --
Text                The program runs in text mode. Consider
                    using text mode if the program doesn't
                    need to display graphics. It will speed
                    disk swapping. Text mode is the default
                    option.

Graphics            The program runs in graphics mode. This
                    option is needed only if you are running
                    a CGA video adapter.@@

!PD8W!@
Prevent Program Switch Check Box

Turns off task swapping when the program is running. When this check box is selected, you must quit the program to return to MS-DOS Shell.@@

!PD8X!!PD8Y!!PD8Z!!PD8X!!PD8Y!!PD8Z!@
Reserve Shortcut Keys Check Boxes

Turns off the specified shortcut keys in MS-DOS Shell so that the program can use those keys.

Selecting   
this        Turns off the shortcut to
---------   -------------------------
ALT+TAB     Toggling between two programs.

ALT+ESC     Displaying the next program.

CTRL+ESC    Returning to MS-DOS Shell from a program.@@

!PDBZ!!1DBV!@
Add Group Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you specify information about the new group you are creating. You must type a name for the group. You can also type Help information for the group, and a password to limit access to the group.

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!PDBT!!PD0T!@
Title Box

Type a name for the new group. A title is required. It can contain up to 23 characters (including blank spaces).@@

!PDBW!!PD0W!@
Password Box

You can type a password for the group in the Password box. It can contain up to 20 characters (including blank spaces). If you don't want to include a password, leave the Password Box empty.

A password protects a group by limiting access to those who know the password. After you change a password, write it down and keep it in a safe place. A dialog box will prompt you for the password every time you use this group.@@

!PD1Q!!PD1T!!1D!@
Password Dialog Box

You must type the password before you can use this program item or group.@@

!PMAB!!1MAB!@
Open Command

Starts a program and an associated file (if there is one) or displays the contents of a group.

Related Procedures
   " Opening Files "~I131~
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~@@

!PMAC!!1MAC!@
Copy Command

Copies a program item to the group you specify. After you choose the Copy command, open the group you want to copy the program item to, and then press F2.

Related Procedure
   " Copying Program Items and Program Groups "~I114~@@

!HC!@
Copy Program Items

You are in the middle of copying a program item to a group.

To continue:

1. Double-click the destination group.
2. Press F2.

Or

1. Move the selection cursor to the destination group and
   press ENTER.
2. Press F2.


To cancel the command:

 - Press ESC.

Related Procedure
   " Copying Program Items and Program Groups "~I114~@@

!PMAD!!1MAD!@
Delete Command

Deletes the selected group or program item from a group. Before deleting a group, you must delete all of its program items.

Related Procedure
   " Deleting Program Items and Program Groups "~I116~@@

!PDHS!!1DHQ!@
Delete Item Dialog Box

If you want to delete the selected program item or group, choose 1.

If you do not want to delete the selected program item or group, choose 2 (or press ESC) to cancel the deletion and return to the program list.

Related Procedure
   " Deleting Program Items and Program Groups "~I116~@@

!PMAE!!1MAE!@
Properties Command

For a program item, this command specifies the title, the command that starts the program, the startup directory for the program to use, an application shortcut key, Help text, a password, and other properties.

For a group, it specifies the title, Help text, and password assigned to that group.

Related Procedures
   " Adding and Changing Program Groups "~I100~
   " Changing Program Item Properties "~I104~@@

!PD:Y!@
Program Item Properties Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can specify information about the selected program item. You can change any or all of the information displayed in this dialog box. You must include a name for the program item and a command, including any parameters, that starts the program.

Related Procedure
   " Adding and Changing Program Groups "~I100~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!PD0Z!!1DBR!@
Program Group Properties Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can change the information about the selected group. You can change any or all of the information displayed in this dialog box. You must include a title for the group.

Related Procedure
   " Changing Program Item Properties "~I104~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!PMAF!!1MAF!@
Reorder Command

Moves the selected program item or group from its current location to the location you specify. After choosing this command, use the arrow keys to move to the new location, and then press ENTER. You can also double-click the new location.

Related Procedure
   " Reordering Program Items in a Program Group "~I133~@@

!HR!@
Reorder Program Items and Program Groups

You are in the middle of moving the selected program item or group to a new location in the program list. 

To continue:

 - Double-click the new location.

Or

 - Move the selection cursor to the new location, and then press ENTER.

   MS-DOS Shell inserts the program item or group at the new
   location.


To cancel the command:

 - Press ESC.

Related Procedure
   " Reordering Program Items in a Program Group "~I133~@@

!PMHG!!1MHG!!1MHL!!VMHO!!2MHL!!YMHL!@
Help Menu

You can use the commands on the Help menu to display an index of Help topics, information on the keys you can use with MS-DOS Shell, basic skills for working with MS-DOS Shell, commands, and procedures.@@

!PMBI!!1MBI!!1MEG!!VMFC!!2MEG!!YMEG!@
Index Command

Opens the Help window and displays the MS-DOS Shell Help Index.@@

!PMBJ!!1MBJ!!1MEH!!VMFD!!2MEH!!YMEH!@
Keyboard Command

Opens the Help window and displays a list of shortcut keys you can use with MS-DOS Shell.@@

!PMBK!!1MBK!!1MEI!!VMFE!!2MEI!!YMEI!@
Shell Basics Command

Opens the Help window and displays a list of topics for basic skills you need to work with MS-DOS Shell.@@

!PMBL!!1MBL!!1MEJ!!VMFF!!2MEJ!!YMEJ!@
Commands Command

Opens the Help window and displays a list of all MS-DOS Shell commands, grouped by menu.@@

!PMBM!!1MBM!!1MEK!!VMFG!!2MEK!!YMEK!@
Procedures Command

Opens the Help window and displays a list of topics you can see for help on MS-DOS Shell tasks.@@

!PMBN!!1MBN!!1MEL!!VMFH!!2MEL!!YMEL!@
Using Help Command

Opens the Help window and displays a list of topics which explain how to use MS-DOS Shell Help.@@

!PMBP!!1MBP!!1MEN!!VMFJ!!2MEN!!YMEN!@
About Shell Command

Displays copyright and version information about MS-DOS Shell.@@

--------------------HELP WINDOW F1 Help---------------------
(Close and OK buttons are covered by the Command Buttons topic)

!PDZR!!1DZR!!2DZR!!YDZR!!VDZR!@
Back Button

Displays the previous Help topic.@@

!PDZS!!1DZS!!2DZS!!YDZS!!VDZS!@
Keys Button

Displays a list of topics that show the keys and key combinations you can use with MS-DOS Shell.@@

!PDZT!!1DZT!!2DZT!!YDZT!!VDZT!@
Index Button

Displays an index of Help topics.

Related Procedures
   " Choosing Command Buttons "~I109~
   " Using MS-DOS Shell Help "~I153~@@

!PDZU!!1DZU!!2DZU!!YDZU!!VDZU!@
Help Button

Displays Help on MS-DOS Shell Help.@@


-----------------FILE LIST F1 HELP-------------------------

!1MHH!!2MHH!!YMHH!@
File Menu

You can use the commands on this menu to carry out actions on files and directories, or to quit MS-DOS Shell. To carry out an action on one or more files or a directory, select the files or the directory before you choose the command. @@

!1MCA!!2MCA!!YMCA!@
Open Command

Starts a selected program and an associated file, if there is one.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see
   " File List Messages "~1DMK~

Related Procedure
   " Opening Files "~I131~@@

!1MCB!!2MCB!!YMCB!!PMAH!!1MAH!@
Run Command

Displays a dialog box in which you type the name of the program file that starts the program.

Related Procedure
   " Starting Programs "~I147~@@

!1DAQ!!2DAQ!!YDAQ!!PDAQ!@
Run Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can start a program by typing the name of its program file and then choosing the OK button. If the file is not in the current directory, you must precede the filename with its complete path. You can use the MS-DOS directory wildcards (.. and .) to specify paths.

Type any parameters for the program after the program filename. For example, to open a file named TEST.DOC in Microsoft Word, you would type the following:

     word test.doc.

Related Procedure
   " Starting Programs "~I147~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see 
   " File List Messages "~1DMK~

For more information on MS-DOS commands and wildcards, see the User's Guide.@@

!1MCC!!2MCC!!YMCC!@
Print Command

Prints the selected text file or files. The Print command only works if you have run print.exe at the command prompt.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see 
   " File List Messages "~1DMK~

Related Procedure
   " Printing Files "~I134~

For more information about print.exe, type HELP PRINT at the command prompt.@@

!1MCD!!2MCD!!YMCD!@
Associate Command

Associates all files having the same extension with a program. Instead of your starting the program and then opening the file, MS-DOS Shell does this automatically. When you choose a file with the specified extension, the program starts with the file loaded.

You can also use the Associate command to associate a program with a selected file.

You can also associate files without an extension with a program file.

Related Procedure
   " Associating Files with a Program "~I105~@@

!1DDU!!2DDU!!YDDU!@
Associate File Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you type the extension(s) of the files you want to associate with the selected program file. For example, DOC is the extension for the MEMO.DOC filename.

You can also associate files without an extension with a program file, by typing a period instead of an extension. Note that every file without an extension will be associated with the selected program file.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see 
   " File List Messages "~1DMK~

Related Procedure
   " Associating Files with a Program "~I105~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!1DDR!!2DDR!!YDDR!@
Extension Box

Type the extension(s) of the files you want to associate. For example, DOC is the extension for the MEMO.DOC file. You can associate multiple extensions, separating them with a single space (you can type up to 79 characters). However, you can associate an extension with only one program at a time.

To associate all files without an extension with a program file, type a period instead of an extension.@@

!1D5T!!2D5T!!YD5T!@
Associate File Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you type the program filename of the program you want to associate with files that have the extension you specified. Each time you open a file with the extension, the program automatically starts with the file loaded.

You can also associate a program file with all files that do not have an extension.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see 
   " File List Messages "~1DMK~

Related Procedure
   " Associating Files with a Program "~I105~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!1D5Q!!2D5Q!!YD5Q!@
Program Box

Type the filename and path of the program you want to associate with the selected file or files. For example, type the following:

        c:\winword\winword.exe@@

!1MCE!!2MCE!!YMCE!@
Search Command

Finds files on all or part of the current disk drive, depending on what you specify.

Related Procedure
   " Searching for Files "~I139~@@

!1DOV!!2DOV!!YDOV!@
Search File Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you type the name of the file you want to find. You can use MS-DOS wildcards (* or ?) to find a group of files with similar names or extensions.

Select the Search Entire Disk check box to search the entire drive rather than just the selected directory.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see 
   " File List Messages "~1DMK~

Related Procedure
   " Searching for Files "~I139~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!1DOQ!!2DOQ!!YDOQ!@
Search For Box

Type the name of the file you want to find. You can use MS-DOS wildcards (* or ?) to find a group of files with similar names or extensions. For example, to find all files with a .TXT extension, specify *.TXT.@@

!1DOS!!2DOS!!YDOS!@
Search Entire Disk Check Box

If you want to search an entire disk for a file or files, select this check box.

If you want to search only the currently displayed directory, clear this check box.@@

!SN!@
Search List Window

Displays a file or files found using the Search command. You can run, print, associate, move, copy, delete, or rename any file in the list. You can also select a file or files and change the attributes. You can view the contents of a selected file.

Related Procedure
   " Searching for Files "~I139~@@

!1MCF!!2MCF!!YMCF!@
View File Contents Command

Displays the contents of the selected text file or binary file.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see 
   " File List Messages "~1DMK~

Related Procedure
   " Viewing File Contents "~I149~@@

!VN!@
View File Window

Displays the contents of the selected text file or binary file.

To scroll through the file by using a mouse:

 - At the top of the window, click the words "PgUp" or
   "PgDn," or click the arrows.


To scroll through a file by using the keyboard:

 - Press the PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN, UP ARROW, or DOWN ARROW
   keys.

You can switch the screen display between ASCII and hexadecimal formats by using commands on the Display menu, or by pressing F9.

To return to the file list:

 - From the View menu, choose Restore View.

Or

 - Press ESC.

Related Procedure
   " Viewing File Contents "~I149~@@

(*View File Screen*)
!VMHM!@
Display Menu

You can use commands on this menu to switch between a hexadecimal or ASCII file display.@@

!VMEO!@
ASCII Command

Switches the file display from hexadecimal to ASCII.@@

!VMEP!@
Hex Command

Switches the file display from ASCII to hexadecimal.@@

(*View File Screen*)
!VMHN!@
View Menu

You can use the commands on this menu to do the following:

  * Redraw the screen.

  * Return to the file list. You can also press ESC 
    to return to the file list.@@

!VMFB!@
Restore View Command

Returns to the file list.@@

!1MCH!!2MCH!!YMCH!@
Move Command

Moves the selected file or files from one directory to a directory you specify.

Related Procedure
   " Moving Files "~I129~@@

!1DFV!!2DFV!!YDFV!@
Move Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you type the drive and directory you want to move the selected file to.

If you're moving only one file, you can also specify a new name for the file after the path.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see 
   " Copy and Move Messages "~I163~

Related Procedure
   " Moving Files "~I129~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!1DFR!!2DFR!!YDFR!@
To Box

Type the drive and destination directory you want to move the selected file to.

If you're moving only one file, you can also specify a new name for the file after the path.@@

Move's
!1DFQ!!2DFQ!!YDFQ!@
From Box

Lists the name(s) of the file or files you want to move. If there are several filenames, you can scroll through them by using the arrow keys.

If you do not want to move these files, press ESC to cancel the command.@@

!1MCI!!2MCI!!YMCI!@
Copy Command

Copies one or more files in one directory to a directory you specify.

Related Procedure
   " Copying Files "~I113~@@

!1D9V!!2D9V!!YD9V!@
Copy Dialog Box

Type the drive and destination directory you want to copy the selected file(s) to.

If you're copying only one file, you can also specify a new name for the file after the path.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see 
   " Copy and Move Messages "~I163~

Related Procedure
   " Copying Files "~I113~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!1D9Q!!2D9Q!!YD9Q!@
From Box

Lists the name(s) of the file or files you want to copy. If there are several filenames, you can scroll through them by using the arrow keys.

If you do not want to copy these files, press ESC to cancel the command.@@

!1D9R!!2D9R!!YD9R!@
To Box

Type the drive and path of the new location for the file or files you want to copy.

To copy a file within a directory, you must give it a different filename. Type the new filename after the path.@@

!1DVR!!2DVR!!YDVR!@
Confirm on Replace Message

A file with this name already exists in the location you specified. Choose 1 to cancel the Move or Copy command. Choose 2 to replace the file in the destination directory with the file you are moving or copying.@@

!1MCJ!!2MCJ!!YMCJ!@
Delete Command

Deletes selected files or directories.

Related Procedure
   " Deleting Files and Directories "~I117~@@

!1DJU!!2DJU!!YDJU!@
Delete File Dialog Box

This dialog box displays the name(s) of the file or files you selected for deletion. If you selected several files, you can scroll through them by using the LEFT ARROW and RIGHT ARROW keys.

If you do not want to delete these files, press ESC to cancel the command.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see 
   " File List Messages "~1DMK~

Related Procedure
   " Deleting Files and Directories "~I117~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!1DJR!!2DJR!!YDJR!@
Delete Box

Displays the name or names of files you selected for deletion. If you selected several files, you can scroll through them by using the LEFT ARROW and RIGHT ARROW keys.

If you do not want to delete these files, press ESC to cancel the command.
-
-

!1MCK!!2MCK!!YMCK!@
Rename Command

Renames a selected file or directory to the name you specify.

Related Procedure
   " Renaming Files and Directories "~I136~@@

!1DRS!!2DRS!!YDRS!@
Rename Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you type the new name for the file or directory you selected.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see 
   " File List Messages "~1DMK~

Related Procedure
   " Renaming Files and Directories "~I136~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!1DRT!!2DRT!!YDRT!@
New Name Box

Type a new name for the selected file or directory. You can include as many as 8 characters in the name. You can follow the name with a period and an extension of up to three characters.

If you selected more than one file or directory, rename the first one, choose the OK button, rename the second one, and continue until you have renamed all of them.@@

!1MCL!!2MCL!!YMCL!@
Change Attributes Command

Displays the attributes assigned to a file. Attributes include Hidden, System, Archive, and Read-Only. You can choose this command to assign or remove attributes.

Related Procedure
   "  Changing File Attributes "~I107~@@

!1D4S!!2D4S!!YD4S!@
Change Attributes Dialog Box

In this dialog box, an arrow indicates attributes currently assigned to the selected file. Use the UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys to select the attributes you want, and press the SPACEBAR to assign them, or remove them from the file. You can also use the mouse.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see 
   " File List Messages "~1DMK~

Related Procedure
   " Changing File Attributes "~I107~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!1D4W!!2D4W!!YD4W!@
File Attributes

An arrow next to an attribute means it is assigned to the file. Use the UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys to select the attributes you want, and press the SPACEBAR to assign them or remove them from the file.

Set this attribute       To
------------------       --
Hidden                   Prevent a file from appearing in
                         lists on your screen. 

System                   Mark a file as an MS-DOS system
                         file and prevent it from appearing
                         in lists on your screen.

Archive                  Mark a file that has been changed
                         since it was backed up.

Read-Only                Prevent a file from being changed.


Clear this attribute     To
--------------------     --
Hidden                   Allow the file to appear in lists
                         on your screen.

System                   Mark a system file as a regular
                         file so it will appear in lists.

Archive                  Stop archiving a file.

Read-Only                Change a file.

You can display hidden and system files without changing the files' attributes by using the File Display Options command on the Options menu.@@

!1DES!!2DES!!YDES!@
Change Attributes Dialog Box

Select the first option to change the attributes of each selected file one at a time; select the second option to change the attributes of all files at once.@@

!1MCN!!2MCN!!YMCN!@
Create Directory Command

Creates a new directory on the current drive. If a directory is selected, this command creates a subdirectory within that directory.

Related Procedure
   " Creating Directories "~I115~@@

!1DGT!!2DGT!!YDGT!@
New Directory Name Box

Type the name you want to give the new directory.@@

!1DGS!!2DGS!!YDGS!@
Create Directory Dialog Box

In this dialog box, type the name of the directory you want to create. The new directory will be a subdirectory of the parent directory listed under Parent Name.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see 
   " File List Messages "~1DMK~

Related Procedure
   " Creating Directories "~I115~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@


!1MCP!!2MCP!!YMCP!@
Select All Command

Selects all files in the currently selected directory.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see 
   " File List Messages "~1DMK~

Related Procedure
   " Selecting All Files in a Directory "~I141~@@

!1MDA!!2MDA!!YMDA!@
Deselect All Command

Cancels all selections except one in the currently selected directory.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see 
   " File List Messages "~1DMK~

Related Procedure
   " Selecting All Files in a Directory "~I141~@@

!PMAJ!!1MAJ!!1MDC!!2MDC!!YMDC!@
Exit Command

Quits MS-DOS Shell and displays the MS-DOS command prompt.@@

!PMHE!!1MHE!!1MHI!!2MHI!!YMHI!@
Options Menu

You can use the commands on the Options menu to view and change options associated with files and groups. Commands are also provided for using the MS-DOS Shell task-swapping feature and for changing screen colors and modes used to display MS-DOS Shell.
--@@

!PMAK!!1MAK!!1MDD!!2MDD!!YMDD!@
Confirmation Command

Specifies whether MS-DOS Shell should prompt you for confirmation before deleting files and replacing files with duplicate names. The command also applies to mouse actions that involve moving and copying files.

Related Procedures
   " Deleting Files and Directories "~I117~
   " Copying Files "~I113~
   " Moving Files "~I129~@@

!PDNS!!1DNS!!2DNS!!YDNS!@
Confirmation Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can specify whether MS-DOS Shell should prompt you for confirmation before a file is deleted or replaced, or when you are performing mouse actions that involve copying or moving files.

Related Procedures
   " Deleting Files and Directories "~I117~
   " Copying Files "~I113~
   " Moving Files "~I129~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!PDNT!!1DNT!!2DNT!!YDNT!@
Confirm on Delete Check Box

Select this check box to receive a message before you delete a file or directory.@@

!PDNU!!1DNU!!2DNU!!YDNU!@
Confirm on Replace Check Box

Select this check box to receive a message before you replace a file in the same directory by moving or copying.@@

!PDNV!!1DNV!!2DNV!!YDNV!@
Confirm on Mouse Operation Check Box

Select this check box to receive a message when you perform a mouse action that involves moving or copying a file.@@

!PMAL!!1MAL!!1MDE!!2MDE!!YMDE!@
File Display Options Command

Lists files in sequence by name, extension, date, size, or order on the disk. Also controls the display of hidden and system files.

Related Procedure
   " Changing the File Display Order "~I132~@@

!PDLS!!1DLS!!2DLS!!YDLS!@
File Display Options Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can change the order in which files are listed. You can list files by name, extension, date, size, or order on the disk. You can also specify whether you want to display files with hidden or system file attributes.

Related Procedure
   " Changing the File Display Order "~I132~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.@@

!PDLT!!1DLT!!2DLT!!YDLT!@
Name Box

Specify the type of file you want MS-DOS to list by typing an extension. You can use MS-DOS naming conventions, including wildcards (* and ?).@@

!PDLU!!1DLU!!2DLU!!YDLU!@
Display Hidden/System Files Check Box

Select this check box to display hidden and system files without changing their attributes.@@

!PDLV!!1DLV!!2DLV!!YDLV!@
Descending Order Check Box

Select this check box to use reverse alphabetical order, Z to A, to sort by filename and extension. If sorting by date, the Descending Order option displays the most recently modified file first. @@

!PDLW!!1DLW!!2DLW!!YDLW!@
Sort By Name Option

Select this option to sort by filename, in alphabetical order from A to Z.@@

!PDLX!!1DLX!!2DLX!!YDLX!@
Sort By Extension Option

Select this option to sort first by the filename extension (for example, .TXT), and then by filename, in alphabetical order, from A to Z.@@

!PDLY!!1DLY!!2DLY!!YDLY!@
Sort By Date Option

Select this option to sort files by the date they were last modified, starting with the oldest file.@@

!PDLZ!!1DLZ!!2DLZ!!YDLZ!@
Sort By Size Option

Select this option to sort by the file size, from the smallest to the largest.@@

!PDL[!!1DL[!!2DL[!!YDL[!@
Sort By DiskOrder Option

Select this option to sort by the order of the files on the disk.@@

!PMAM!!1MAM!!1MDF!!2MDF!!YMDF!@
Select Across Directories Command

Controls whether or not you can select files in more than one directory. A mark next to the command name indicates that the command is active.

Related Procedure
   " Selecting Files Across Directories "~I140~@@

!PMDG!!1MDG!!2MDG!!YMDG!!PMAN!@
Show Information Command

Displays information on the selected file or files, the directory, and the disk.

Related Procedure
   " Viewing File, Directory, and Drive Information "~I120~@@

!PDYR!!1DYR!! !2DYR!!YDYR!@
Show Information Dialog Box

This dialog box displays information on the currently selected disk and its directories and files.@@

!PMAO!!1MAO!!1MDH!!2MDH!!YMDH!@
Enable Task Swapper Command

Turns on or off task swapping and displays the Active Task List to the right of the program list. With task swapping on, you can have more than one program open at a time and switch back and forth between programs. A mark next to the command indicates that task swapping is on.

Related Procedures
   " Using Task Swapping and the Active Task List "~I152~
   " Switching Between Programs "~I148~@@

!PMAP!!1MAP!!1MDI!!2MDI!!YMDI!@
Display Command

Changes the screen mode and resolution used to display MS-DOS Shell.

Related Procedure
   " Changing the Screen Display "~I154~@@

!PDXT!!1DXT!!2DXT!!YDXT!@
Screen Display Mode

This dialog box displays the screen mode options available to you, based on information from the video driver and your hardware. Select the screen mode you want to use to display MS-DOS Shell, and then choose the OK button. To see a display mode before you choose it, select it and choose the Preview button.

Related Procedure
   " Changing the Screen Display "~I154~@@

!PDXR!!PDWR!!1DXR!!1DWR!!2DXR!!2DWR!!YDXR!!YDWR!@
Preview Button

Temporarily redraws the screen in the display mode or color scheme you selected. You can preview as many options as you like. Choose the OK button to confirm your selection, or the Cancel button to close the dialog box without making a change.@@

!PMDJ!!1MDJ!!2MDJ!!YMDJ!!PMBA!@
Colors Command

Changes the color scheme used for MS-DOS Shell.

Related Procedure
   " Changing Colors "~I106~@@

!PDWQ!!1DWQ!!2DWQ!!YDWQ!@
Color Scheme Dialog Box

In this dialog box, select the color scheme you want for MS-DOS Shell and then choose the OK button.

You can see a color scheme before you choose it by choosing the Preview button.

Related Procedure
   " Changing Colors "~I106~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.

!PDWT!!1DWT!!2DWT!!YDWT!@
Color Scheme Option

You can change colors or return to the default setting by selecting one of the color schemes provided in this list and then choosing the OK button. You can see a color scheme before you choose it by choosing the Preview button.

Related Procedure
   " Changing Colors "~I106~@@

!PMHF!!1MHF!!1MHJ!!2MHJ!!YMHJ!@
View Menu

You can use the commands on this menu to display a single file list, two file lists, or information on files in the current directory.

You can also display a list of groups and program items and a list of files and directories at the same time.@@

!PMBB!!1MBB!!1MDK!!2MDK!!YMDK!@
Single File List Command

Displays a single directory tree and file list for the current drive.

Related Procedure
   " Displaying a List of Files in a Directory "~I119~@@

!PMBC!!1MBC!!1MDL!!2MDL!!YMDL!@
Dual File Lists Command

Displays two directory trees and file lists for the selected drive(s) in the file list.

Related Procedure
   " Displaying Two File Lists "~I121~@@

!PMBD!!1MBD!!1MDM!!2MDM!!YMDM!@
All Files Command

Lists every file on the current drive, as well as information about the drive, its directories, and its files.

Related Procedure
   " Displaying a List of All Files "~I118~@@

!PMBE!!1MBE!!1MDN!!2MDN!!YMDN!@
Program/File Lists Command

Displays a list of directories and files and a list of groups and programs.

Related Procedure
   " Viewing the File List and the Program List "~I125~@@

!PMBF!!1MBF!!1MDO!!2MDO!!YMDO!@
Program List Command

Displays a list of groups and program items in the current group.

Related Procedure
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~@@

!PMBH!!1MBH!!1MEA!!2MEA!!YMEA!!VMFA!@
Repaint Screen Command

Redraws the screen. The Repaint Screen command does not update the list of files; if you want to update the lists to show changes, use the Refresh command.@@

!1MEB!!2MEB!!YMEB!@
Refresh Command

MS-DOS Shell rereads the disk and updates the lists to show changes such as deleted or restored files.@@

!1MHK!!2MHK!!YMHK!@
Tree Menu

You can use the commands on this menu to display or hide subdirectories in the Directory Tree.@@

!1MEC!!2MEC!!YMEC!@
Expand One Level Command

Displays the next level of subdirectories for the selected directory in the Directory Tree.

Related Procedure
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~@@

!1MED!!2MED!!YMED!@
Expand Branch Command

Displays all levels of subdirectories in the selected directory in the Directory Tree.

Related Procedure
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~@@

!1MEE!!2MEE!!YMEE!@
Expand All Command

Displays all subdirectories in all directories in the Directory Tree.

Related Procedure
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~@@

!1MEF!!2MEF!!YMEF!@
Collapse Branch Command

Hides all currently displayed subdirectories in the selected directory in the Directory Tree.

Related Procedure
   " Collapsing Directories "~I112~@@

--------------------- ERROR MESSAGE F1 HELP ---------------
The following are most of the F1 messages, although some messages may be placed near related F1 Help topics.
Also included is Help on common command buttons.

!I163!@
Copy and Move Messages

Following are several specific MS-DOS Shell messages you may receive when moving and copying files and advice about how to handle them.

Invalid Path
------------
Make sure that you specified the correct path for the file or directory (including the correct drive letter). The path is the location of the file or directory in the directory tree. The entire path must not be longer than 66 characters. For more information about paths, see "MS-DOS Basics," in the User's Guide.

File or Drive Does Not Exist
----------------------------
Check to be sure the drive, path, and filename are correct. Use the file list to make sure the file is on the disk in the specified drive. Try using the Refresh command on the View menu to update the file list.

You Have More than One File Selected
------------------------------------
When you have more than one file selected that you want to copy or move, you must specify a destination directory -- not a file. Make sure you specified an existing directory and that its path is correct.

Access Denied
-------------
You may have tried using a file that you do not have access rights to. Check with your system administrator.@@

!1DMJ!!1DMK!!1DML!!1DMM!!1DMN!!1DMO!!1DMP!!1DMQ!!1DMR!!1DMS!!1DMT!!1DMU!!1DMV!!1DMW!!1DMX!!1DMZ!!2DMJ!!2DMK!!2DML!!2DMM!!2DMN!!2DMO!!2DMP!!2DMQ!!2DMR!!2DMS!!2DMT!!2DMU!!2DMV!!2DMW!!2DMX!!2DMZ!!YDMJ!!YDMK!!YDML!!YDMM!!YDMN!!YDMO!!YDMP!!YDMQ!!YDMR!!YDMS!!YDMT!!YDMU!!YDMV!!YDMW!!YDMX!!2DMN!@
File List Messages

Following are several specific MS-DOS Shell messages you may receive and advice about how to handle them.

The File Doesn't Exist
----------------------
Make sure you specified the correct path and filename.

Access Denied or Invalid Path
-----------------------------
You may have tried one of the following:

   * Specifying an incorrect path. Make sure that you    
     specified the correct path for the file or directory
     (including the correct drive letter). The path is the
     location of the file or directory in the directory
     tree.

   * Renaming a file or directory to one that already exists
     in the same directory.

   * Within a directory, creating a new directory with the
     same name as a directory that already exists.

   * Deleting a directory that contains files. First you
     must delete or move the files.

   * Deleting a write-protected or read-only file. Try
     changing the file's attributes by using the Change
     Attributes command on the File menu.

   * Trying to perform operations on a write-protected disk.
     Remove the write-protection from the disk.

   * Using a file that you do not have access rights to.
     Check with your system administrator.

   * Creating a directory with a path that's too long.
     MS-DOS recognizes paths up to 66 characters (including
     the drive and colon [:]). Try specifying a shorter path
     for the directory.

For more information about paths, see "MS-DOS Basics" in the User's Guide.

That is the Wrong Floppy Disk
-----------------------------
Be sure you inserted the correct disk in the drive. When you insert the correct disk, MS-DOS Shell will continue with the operation.

That Drive Doesn't Exist
------------------------
Make sure you specified the correct drive letter. If you are using a network, make sure you are connected to it. Try using the Refresh command on the View menu to reread the drives.

Drive Not Ready
---------------
Check the drive to be sure of the following:

  * A disk is in the drive.

  * The drive door is closed.

  * The disk is properly inserted in the drive.

  * The disk is formatted.

Unrecognized Disk Error
-----------------------
If you're using a floppy disk, check to be sure that you've inserted the correct disk in the drive, that it is inserted properly, and that the drive door is closed.

Check to see that the disk and the drive are compatible. For example, you may be putting a high-density disk into a drive that only accepts low-density disks.

The disk may contain bad sectors. You can use the CHKDSK command at the command prompt to see if there are bad sectors on the disk.

Error Reading File
------------------
Make sure the file exists on the specified drive.

Error Writing to the Destination File
-------------------------------------
Make sure you inserted the correct disk in the drive. Or, it could be that the disk is damaged.

The File is in Use by Someone Else
----------------------------------
You tried to use a file on a network that someone else is using. To use the file, you must wait until it is available.

Take the Write-Protection off the Disk
---------------------------------------
The disk you are trying to use may have write-protection. This prevents data from being written to the disk. Remove the write-protection, or use a different disk without write-protection.

Error creating a temporary file on a drive
------------------------------------------
MS-DOS Shell cannot find the TEMP or TMP variable and you have tried to start a program from a write-protected disk. Temporary files cannot be created. You can either remove the write-protection from the disk, or set the TEMP or TMP variable in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file.

For more information about setting these variables, see
   "Setting the TEMP or TMP Variable"~I167~

Unrecognized Error
------------------
Retry the operation. If you still get a message, quit MS-DOS Shell and start it again, and then retry the procedure.

Related Procedures
   " Changing File Attributes "~I107~
   " Copying Files "~I113~
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~
   " Updating the Lists "~I161~@@

!I167!@
Setting the TEMP or TMP Variable

In the process of starting and quitting programs and MS-DOS Shell, temporary batch files are created and stored in a directory specified in the TEMP or TMP variables in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.

You may have to reset the TEMP or TMP variable if:

  * The disk you want to restore deleted files from is full.
    The temporary files may overwrite deleted files you want
    to restore.

  * You started MS-DOS Shell from a write-protected disk.
    You will not be able to start the program.

When you start a program, MS-DOS Shell first looks for the directory specified in the TEMP variable and then in the TMP variable. If it can't find the directories, MS-DOS Shell will use the directory and drive where the running MS-DOS Shell is stored. If MS-DOS Shell can't create the temporary batch file in any of these directories, it displays the message "Error creating a temporary file to a drive."

The problem may be that you are running MS-DOS Shell from a write-protected disk.

You can try the following:

  * Remove the write-protection from the disks.

  * Set the TEMP or TMP variable to a directory on a
    disk that isn't write-protected.

NOTE: It's best to set the variable to a directory on the RAM drive. If the RAM drive doesn't have enough memory, specify a different directory.


To set the TEMP and TMP variables:

1. Quit MS-DOS Shell.

2. Choose or create a directory for the temporary files -- 
   for example, c:\temp; or if d: is your RAM drive, you
   could specify d:\. 

3. At the MS-DOS command prompt, use the set command to set
   each variable.

   To set this variable    Type
   --------------------    ----
   TEMP                    set TEMP=drive:\directory
   TMP                     set TMP=drive:\directory

   Specify the directory that you chose or created in Step
   2.

   NOTE: The TEMP and TMP variable can specify the same 
   or a different directory.

   NOTE: It's recommended that you set both variables 
   now so that no matter which program you will be using,
   the variable it uses will be set correctly.

4. Press ENTER.

5. Start MS-DOS Shell.@@


!1DME!!2DME!!YDME!@
File Cannot Be Copied to Itself Message

You may have tried to copy a file to itself. You can either copy the file to a different directory or specify a different filename.

Related Procedure
   " Copying Files "~I113~@@

!1DMG!!2DMG!!YMDG!@
The Disk is Full Message

There may not be enough disk space to copy the file(s) listed in the dialog box. If you are copying more than one file, you can choose to continue copying the files that will fit on the disk. You can copy the remaining files after you insert another disk or delete a file or files to make room.@@

!1DMI!!2DMI! YDMI!@
File Empty Message

The file you selected to view contains no information.@@

!1DMY!!2DMY!!YDMY!@
Printer Messages

If the printer is busy or the printer queue is full, MS-DOS Shell displays a message for each file not printed. You can try printing the file again, skip printing the file and continue printing the rest of the files, or cancel printing.@@



!1DIQ!!YD1Q!!2D1Q!!PDIQ!@
Drive Not Ready Message

Check the drive to be sure of the following:

  * A disk is in the drive.

  * The drive door is closed.

  * The disk is properly inserted in the drive.

  * The disk is formatted.@@

!1DIS!!YDIS!!2DIS!!PDIS!@
Critical Error Message

Try the following:

Retry the Operation
-------------------
If you received a General Failure error, retry the operation. If this doesn't work, continue reading.

Check Your Network Connection
-----------------------------
If you're using a network connection, check to be sure you are still connected and it is working.

For all other messages, continue reading:

Check the Floppy Disk
---------------------
If you're using a floppy disk, check to be sure that you've inserted the correct disk in the drive, that it is inserted properly, and that the drive door is closed.

Check the Formatting
--------------------
The disk may be damaged, or the disk and the drive may be incompatible. For example, you may be putting a high-density disk into a drive that only accepts low-density disks.

Check the Drive
---------------
You may have a problem with your hard drive. Make sure it is properly connected. Consult your hardware documentation for more trouble-shooting advice.@@


!O!!C!!1DUS!!2DUS!!YDUS!!1DVT!!2DVT!!YDVT!@
Command Buttons

Following are several command buttons that may appear in dialog boxes.

OK Button
---------
Choose the OK button to carry out the command or operation specified in this dialog box.

Yes Button
----------
Choose the Yes button if you want to continue carrying out the command or operation as specified.

Cancel Button
-------------
Choose the Cancel button to cancel the command or operation specified in this dialog box. Choosing the Cancel button closes the dialog box.

No Button
---------
Choose the No button if you do not want the command or operation carried out as specified.

Close Button
------------
Closes the dialog box or exits Help.

Related Procedure
   " Choosing Command Buttons "~I109~@@

MS-DOS SHELL HELP PROCEDURES, MS-DOS 5.0

!I100!@
Adding and Changing Program Groups

A "group" is a name given to a collection of program items. You can add a new group to another program group in the program list. Once you've added a group, you can add other program items and groups to it.

To add a new group:

1. Open the group to which you want to add a group.
2. From the File menu, choose New.
   The New Program Object dialog box appears.
3. Select the Program Group option button and choose the OK
   button.
   The Add Group dialog box appears.
4. Type a name for the new group (up to 23 characters).
5. If you want, type a Help message and password for the
   group.
6. Choose the OK button.
   The name of the group appears in the program list. In
   graphics mode, a group icon appears next to it; in text
   mode, it appears in brackets.


You can change properties or assign additional properties
for all groups except the Main group.

To change the properties of a group:

1. Select the group name using the arrow keys or
   a mouse.
2. From the File menu, choose Properties.
   The Program Group Properties dialog box appears.
3. If you want, change the title.
4. If you want, add or change the Help text and a password.
5. Choose the OK button.

Related Topic
   " Program Groups and Program Items "~$140~

Related Procedures
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~
   " Adding Program Items to Program Groups "~I102~@@

!I102!@
Adding Program Items to Program Groups

In the program list, you can add a program item to a group. A program item contains startup information about a program file. When you choose the program item, MS-DOS Shell starts the program according to your instructions.

NOTE: A program item is not the program file itself. If you add a program item, you add only the program list's startup instructions for that program. The program itself remains in its directory on your hard drive.

To add a program item:

1. Open the group you want to add a new item to.
2. From the File menu, choose New.
   The New Program Object dialog box appears.
3. Select the Program Item option button and choose the 
   OK button.
   The Add Program dialog box appears.
4. Type a name for the program item (up to 23 characters).
5. In the Commands box, type the name of the program file
   that runs the program, along with any additional switches
   or parameters.
6. If you want, specify a startup directory, application
   shortcut key, password, or advanced properties for this
   item.
7. Choose the OK button.


To specify a shortcut key combination in the Application Shortcut Key box:

1. Select the Application Shortcut Key box.
2. Press and hold down one of the following keys: SHIFT,
   CTRL, or ALT, and then type a letter. 
   MS-DOS Shell displays the keys you pressed. If [none]
   appears in the text box, the shortcut key combination you
   entered is unavailable. Try another combination.

For example, if you want to use SHIFT+W to move to Microsoft Word, you would press SHIFT and then type w. MS-DOS Shell would display SHIFT+W in the text box and next to the program title in the Active Task List.

NOTE: Some key combinations are not available. Do not use the following key combinations:

CTRL+C
CTRL+M
CTRL+I
CTRL+H
CTRL+[
CTRL+5 (on the keypad)
SHIFT+CTRL+M
SHIFT+CTRL+I
SHIFT+CTRL+H
SHIFT+CTRL+[
SHIFT+CTRL+5 (on the keypad)

Related Topic
   " Program Groups and Program Items "~$140~

Related Procedures
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~
   " Displaying the File List and the Program List "~I125~
   " Starting Programs "~I147~@@

!I104!@
Changing Program Item Properties

You can change a program item's properties or assign additional properties after you've added the program item.

To change the properties of a program item:

1. Open the group that contains the program item.
2. Select the program item.
3. From the File menu, choose Properties.
   The Program Item Properties dialog box appears.
4. If you want, change the specified title and
   program file.
5. If you want, change or specify any of these
   options: Startup Directory, Application Shortcut
   Key, Pause After Exit, or Password.
6. To assign or change advanced properties, choose the
   Advanced button.
   The Advanced Properties dialog box appears.
7. Specify the options you want, and choose the OK button to
   close the Advanced Properties dialog box.
8. Choose the OK button.


To specify a shortcut key combination in the Application Shortcut Key box:

1. Select the Application Shortcut Key box.
2. Press and hold down one of the following keys: SHIFT,
   CTRL, or ALT, and then type a letter.
   MS-DOS Shell displays the keys you pressed. If [none]
   appears in the text box, the shortcut key combination you
   entered is unavailable. Try another combination.

For example, if you want to use SHIFT+W to move to Microsoft Word, you would press SHIFT and then type w. MS-DOS Shell would display SHIFT+W in the text box and next to the program title in the Active Task List.

NOTE: Some key combinations are not available. Do not use the following key combinations:

CTRL+C
CTRL+M
CTRL+I
CTRL+H
CTRL+[
CTRL+5 (on the keypad)
SHIFT+CTRL+M
SHIFT+CTRL+I
SHIFT+CTRL+H
SHIFT+CTRL+[
SHIFT+CTRL+5 (on the keypad)

Related Topic
   " Program Groups and Program Items "~$140~

Related Procedures
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~
   " Displaying the File List and the Program List "~I125~
   " Starting Programs "~I147~@@

!I105!@
Associating Files with a Program

Any file in the file list can be linked with a program so that opening the file automatically starts the program. Files are associated by their filename extensions. For example, you could link files that have the .TXT extension with MS-DOS Editor so that when you open a .TXT file, MS-DOS Editor automatically starts and opens that file.

You can also associate files without extensions to a program file. Note that every file without an extension will be associated with the selected program file.

To associate a file with a program:

1. Select the program file that you want to associate
   files with.
2. From the File menu, choose Associate.
   The Associate File dialog box appears.
3. Type the extensions of the files that you want to
   associate with the program, separating each
   extension with a space. To associate all files without
   an extension with a program file, type a period instead
   of an extension.
4. Choose the OK button.

Or

1. Select a file that has the extension you want.
2. From the File menu, choose Associate.
   The Associate File dialog box appears.
3. Type the path and program filename of the program you
   want to associate with that extension.
4. Choose the OK button.

NOTE: When associating multiple extensions, you can type up to 79 characters in the dialog box. However, you can only associate an extension with one program at a time. For example, you can't associate the extension .TXT with two different text-editing programs at the same time.

Related Topic
   " Associated Files "~$123~

Related Procedure
   " Opening Files "~I131~@@

!I165!@
Backing Up Files

If you have numerous files to back up, you can use the MS Backup program item in the Disk Utilities group.

To back up files:

1. From the Disk Utilities group, choose the MS Backup program item.
2. Follow the instructions on your screen. If you need help while
   using MS Backup, press F1.
3. When the backup is finished, press any key to return to
   MS-DOS Shell.


Related Topics
   " Program Groups and Program Items "~$140~
   " More on MS Backup "~$133~

Related Procedure
   " Restoring Backed Up Files "~I166~@@

!I106!@
Changing Colors

You can choose from a variety of color combinations for displaying the MS-DOS Shell window. The number of choices you have depends on the type of system you're using and how it is set up.

To change color schemes:

1. From the Options menu, choose Colors.
   The Color Scheme dialog box appears.
2. Select the scheme you want from the list.
3. To see what the colors will look like, choose the Preview
   button.
4. Choose the OK button to set the new color scheme.

Available color schemes are defined in the DOSSHELL.INI file. Advanced users can edit this file and define their own color schemes.@@

!I154!@
Changing the Screen Display

You can choose from several screen modes for displaying the MS-DOS Shell window. The quality of your screen resolution depends on the type of system you're using and how it is set up.

To change screen modes:

1. From the Options menu, choose Display.
   The Screen Mode dialog box appears.
2. Select the resolution you want from the list.
3. To see what the screen mode looks like, choose the
   Preview button.
4. Choose the OK button to set the new screen mode.@@

!I107!@
Changing File Attributes

Files have several MS-DOS file attributes assigned to them. These attributes are as follows:

This attribute   Does this
--------------   ---------
Hidden          Prevents a file from appearing on your
                screen.

System          Identifies a file as a MS-DOS system file.

Archive         Indicates when a file has been modified.

Read-Only       Prevents a file from being modified.

You can change the attributes of files in the file list as needed.

You can display hidden and system files without changing the files' attributes by using the File Display Options command on the Options menu.

NOTE: If files appear in the list from other directories and you don't want to change their attributes, make sure Select Across Directories is turned off, and then try again.

To change the attributes of one file:

1. Select the file whose attributes you want to change.
2. From the File menu, choose Change Attributes.
   The Change Attributes dialog box appears.
3. Select the appropriate attributes from the list
   by using the arrow keys and the SPACEBAR, or a mouse.
   Selected attributes have a mark next to them.
4. Choose the OK button.


To change the attributes for more than one file:

1. Select the files whose attributes you want to
   change.
2. From the File menu, choose Change Attributes.
   A dialog box appears.
3. Select the first option to change the attributes
   for each file selected one at a time; select the second
   option to change the attributes for all files at once.
4. Choose the OK button.
5. Select the appropriate attributes from the list
   by using the arrow keys and the SPACEBAR, or a mouse.
   Selected attributes have a mark next to them.
6. Choose the OK button.

If you selected the first option, Change Selected Files One At A Time, you will need to repeat steps 5 and 6 until all the files you selected have been modified.@@

!I108!@
Changing Confirmation Messages

You can specify whether or not MS-DOS Shell will display confirmation messages when deleting or replacing files or when performing mouse actions that move or copy files.

The confirmation options are as follows:

This option                  Displays a message before
-----------                  -----------------------
Confirm on Delete            Deleting files

Confirm on Replace           Replacing files with other
                             files of the same name

Confirm on Mouse Operation   Copying or moving files by
                             using a mouse

To specify which messages you want to receive when performing file operations:

1. From the Options menu, choose Confirmation.
2. Select the options you want.
3. Choose the OK button.@@

!I109!@
Choosing Command Buttons

Most dialog boxes have OK and Cancel command buttons. The OK button carries out the action specified in the dialog box. The Cancel button cancels the action and closes the dialog box. Other command buttons are labeled according to the action they take (for example, the Help button displays Help information for the dialog box).

To choose a command button by using a mouse:

 - Click the command button.


To choose a command button by using the keyboard:

 - Press TAB to move to the command button, and then
   press ENTER.

Unless a command button other than OK is selected, pressing ENTER has the same effect as choosing the OK button. Pressing ESC always has the same effect as choosing the Cancel button.

Related Topic
   " Dialog Boxes "~$105~

Related Procedure
   " Using Dialog Box Options "~I143~@@

!I110!@
Choosing Commands

You choose commands from menus in MS-DOS Shell.

To choose a command by using a mouse:

1. Click the name of the menu that contains the command you
   want.
2. Click the name of the command.


To choose a command by using access keys:

1. Press ALT or F10 to select the menu bar at the top
   of your screen.
2. Press the underscored letter that corresponds to the
   menu you want (for example, V for View).
3. Press the underscored letter that corresponds to the
   command you want (for example, S for Single File
   List).


To choose a command by using the keyboard:

1. Press ALT or F10 to select the menu bar at the
   top of your screen.
2. Press the RIGHT ARROW or LEFT ARROW key to select the
   menu you want.
3. Press the UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW key to select the
   command you want.
4. Press ENTER to choose the command.

Related Topic
   " Menus and Commands "~$103~

Related Procedure
   " Working with a Mouse "~I150~@@

!I112!@
Collapsing Directories

You can collapse a directory you've expanded in the Directory Tree. Collapsing a directory hides its subdirectories.

To collapse a directory by using a mouse:

 - Click the minus sign (-) to the left of the
   directory name in the tree.


To collapse a directory by using the keyboard:

1. Select the directory name in the tree.
2. From the Tree menu, choose Collapse Branch, or
   press the MINUS SIGN key (-).

Related Topics
   " Directories "~$117~
   " Disk Drives "~$116~

Related Procedure
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~@@

!I113!@
Copying Files

In the file list, you can copy one or more files from one directory to another directory or to a disk. To display the source directory and the destination directory when you move files, use the Dual File Lists view.

NOTE: If you've used the Confirmation command to turn off confirmation messages when using mouse operations, you will not see the confirmation messages described in the procedures below.

NOTE: If files appear in the Copy File dialog box from other directories and you don't want to copy them, make sure Select Across Directories is turned off, and then try again.

To copy files from directory to another by using a mouse:

1. Press and hold down CTRL and drag the file you want
   to copy onto the directory you want to copy to in the
   Directory Tree.
   The Confirm Mouse Operation dialog box appears.
2. Choose the Yes button.


To copy files by using the keyboard:

1. Select the file or files you want to copy.
2. From the File menu, choose Copy, or press F8.
   The Copy File dialog box appears, listing each file you
   selected.
3. In the To box, type the path of the destination 
   directory.
4. Choose the OK button.

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Files "~I146~
   " Displaying Two File Lists "~I121~

For information on controlling the display of confirmation dialog boxes when copying files, see
   " Changing Confirmation Messages "~I108~@@

!I114!@
Copying Program Items

You can copy a program item in the program list from one group to another.

To copy a program item:

1. Open the group that contains the item you want to copy.
2. Select the item.
3. From the File menu, choose Copy.
4. Open the group you want to copy the item to.
5. Press F2.

You can also duplicate a program item within a group. For example, you might want two instances of Microsoft Word with different documents loaded.

Related Topic
   " Program Groups and Program Items "~$140~

Related Procedure
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~@@

!I115!@
Creating Directories

You create directories in the file list on the current drive, and in the current directory if one is selected. If a directory is selected, the new directory is added as a subdirectory. Otherwise, the directory is added to your root directory.

To create a new directory:

1. Select the drive and (optionally) the directory where
   you want the new directory created.
2. From the File menu, choose Create Directory.
   The Create Directory dialog box appears.
3. Type the name of the new directory.
4. Choose the OK button.

Related Topic
   " Directories "~$117~

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~
   " Selecting Drives "~I145~@@

!I116!@
Deleting Program Items and Program Groups

When you delete a program item from a group, you remove its title and any properties associated with it. When you delete a group, you must first delete all of its program items.

NOTE: A program item is not the program file itself. If you delete a program item, you delete only the program list's startup instructions for that program. The program file remains on your hard drive and will appear in the file list.

To delete a program item:

1. Open the group that contains the program item you
   want to delete.
2. Select the item by using the arrow keys or a mouse.
3. From the File menu, choose Delete (or press DEL).
   The Delete Item dialog box appears.
4. Select the first option.
5. Choose the OK button.


To delete a group:

1. Select the group you want to delete.
2. From the File menu, choose Delete (or press DEL).
   The Delete Item dialog box appears.
3. Choose the OK button.

Related Topic
   " Program Groups and Program Items "~$140~

Related Procedure
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~

For information on controlling the display of confirmation dialog boxes when deleting files, see
   " Changing Confirmation Messages "~I108~@@

!I117!@
Deleting Files and Directories

You can delete files and directories in the file list when you are finished with them. Once a file or directory is deleted, it is removed from the disk and can no longer be used.

CAUTION: If you accidentally delete a file that you wanted to keep, you may be able to restore it. You can restore a file with certainty only if no other files have been created or changed on the disk. For more information, see
   " Restoring Deleted Files "~I155~

NOTE: If you've used the Confirmation command to turn off confirmation messages when deleting files, you will not see all of the messages described in the procedures below.

To delete one file:

1. Select the file you want to delete.
2. From the File menu, choose Delete (or press DEL).
   The Delete File Confirmation dialog box will appear.
3. Choose the Yes button.


To delete more than one file:

1. Select the files you want to delete.
2. From the File menu, choose Delete (or press DEL).
   A dialog box will appear listing each file you selected.
3. Choose the OK button to continue deleting those files.
   Another confirmation dialog box will appear for each file
   you want to delete.
4. Choose the Yes button to confirm each deletion.

NOTE: If files appear in the list from other directories and you don't want to delete them, make sure Select Across Directories is turned off, and then try again.


To delete a directory:

1. Select the directory you want to delete.
2. Be sure there are no files or subdirectories in the
   directory; if there are, delete or move them.
3. From the File menu, choose Delete (or press DEL).
   The Delete Directory Confirmation dialog box will appear.
4. Choose the Yes button.

Related Procedure
   " Selecting Files "~I146~
   " Selecting Files Across Directories "~I140~

For information on controlling the display of confirmation dialog boxes when deleting files, see
   " Changing Confirmation Messages "~I108~@@

!I118!@
Displaying a List of All Files

You can display a list of all files on a drive in the file list, including all system files. This list also contains additional information on the drive, its directories, and its files.

To display a list of all the files on a drive:

1. Select the drive you want to view.
2. From the View menu, choose All Files.

You can then select a different drive if you want to view its files.

Related Procedure
   " Selecting Drives "~I145~@@

!I119!@
Displaying a List of Files in a Directory

You can display a single list of files for a selected drive and directory in the file list. MS-DOS Shell displays the Directory Tree on the left side of the MS-DOS Shell window; on the right, it displays a list of files in the current directory.

To display a single list of files:

1. From the View menu, choose Single File List.
2. Select the drive that contains the directory
   you want.
3. Select the directory that contains the files
   you want to list.

Related Topics
   " File List Overview "~1N~
   " File List and Program List "~$114~

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Drives "~I145~
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~@@

!I120!@
Viewing File, Directory, and Drive Information

You can display additional information about the current drive, directory, and files.

To display information on a drive and its directories and files:

1. Select the drive, directory, and file(s) you want
   information on.
2. From the Options menu, choose Show Information.
3. When you're finished reviewing the information,
   choose the OK button.

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Drives "~I145~
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~
   " Selecting Files "~I146~@@

!I121!@
Displaying Two File Lists

You can display lists of files for two different directories at the same time in the file list.

To display two lists of files:

1. From the View menu, choose Dual File Lists.
2. For each list, select the drive that contains the
   directory you want (to move between lists, press TAB
   or use the mouse).
3. Select the directory that contains the files you
   want displayed in each list.

Related Topic
   " File List and Program List "~$114~

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~
   " Selecting Drives "~I145~@@

!I123!@
Opening Program Groups

You can display the contents of any group in the program list.

To open a group by using a mouse:

 - Double-click the group name.


To open a group by using the keyboard:

1. Use the arrow keys to select the group you want to open.
2. Press ENTER.
   The name of the group you selected appears in the title
   bar of the program list. The group's program items and
   groups are displayed.


You can display the contents of the group one level up (the group that contains the currently displayed items) for all groups except the Main group.

To display the contents of the group one level up:

 - Press ESC.

Related Topic
   " Program Groups and Program Items "~$140~@@

!I164!@
Formatting Floppy Disks

You can format disks by using the Format and Quick Format program items in the Disk Utilities group. Format looks for bad sectors on the disk; Quick Format doesn't.

To format a floppy disk:

1. From the Disk Utilities group, choose the Format or Quick
   Format program items.
   A dialog box appears.
2. To format drive A and use no switches, choose the OK
   button, or type the appropriate parameters and switches,
   in the Parameters box, and then choose the OK button.
3. MS-DOS prompts you for a volume label for the disk. Type
   a name if you want to label the disk. If you don't want
   to label the disk, press ENTER.
4. Press Y if you want to format another disk or press N if
   you want to return to MS-DOS Shell.

Related Topic
   " Program Groups and Program Items "~$140~

Related Topics
   " More on Format "~$135~
   " More on Quick Format "~$136~@@

!I124!@
Using the Command Prompt

There are several ways to use the command prompt without quitting MS-DOS Shell.

  * Press SHIFT+F9.

  * From the Main group, choose the Command Prompt program
    item.

You can also use a command line in the Run dialog box to run a program.

For more information on MS-DOS commands, type HELP at the command prompt.

Related Topic
   " How to Start Programs "~$121~@@

!I162!@
Displaying the Program List

You can display the program list that contains groups and program items. If task swapping is on, programs can be displayed in the Active Task List.

To display the program list:

 - From the View menu, choose Program List.

Related Topics
   " File List and Program List "~$114~
   " How to Use More than One Program "~$122~
   " Program Groups and Program Items "~$140~
   " Program List Overview "~I099~

Related Procedures
   " Displaying the File List and the Program List "~I125~
   " Using Task Swapping and the Active Task List "~I152~@@

!I125!@
Displaying the File List and the Program List

You can display the file list, the program list, or both lists at once.

To display the file list:

 - From the View menu, choose Single File List, Dual File
   Lists, or All Files.


To display the program list:

 - From the View menu, choose Program List.


To display both the program list and the file list at once:

 - From the View menu, choose Program/File Lists.

Related Topic
   " File List Overview "~1N~
   " File List and Program List "~$114~
   " Program List Overview "~I099~

Related Procedures
   " Displaying a List of All Files "~I118~
   " Displaying a List of Files in a Directory "~I119~
   " Displaying Two File Lists "~I121~@@

!I126!@
Quitting MS-DOS Shell

When you quit MS-DOS Shell, you remove it from memory. First you must quit any programs you have running in the Active Task List.

To quit MS-DOS Shell:

 - From the File menu, choose Exit.


To quit MS-DOS Shell when there are programs in the Active Task List:

1. Switch to each program and quit it.
   MS-DOS Shell removes the program's name from the Active
   Task List.
2. From the File menu, choose Exit.

Related Topic
   " How to Leave MS-DOS Shell "~$125~

For information on leaving MS-DOS Shell without quitting it, see
   " Leaving MS-DOS Shell "~I160~
   " Using the Command Prompt "~I124~@@

!I127!@
Expanding Directories

You can expand either selected directories or all directories in the Directory Tree, to see the subdirectories each contains.

To expand a directory one level by using a mouse:

 - Click the plus sign (+) to the left of the directory
   name.


To expand a directory one level by using the keyboard:

1. Select the directory name by using the arrow keys.
2. From the Tree menu, choose Expand One Level. You can
   also press the PLUS SIGN key (+).


To view all subdirectories under a directory:

1. Select the directory name.
2. From the Tree menu, choose Expand Branch, or press the
   ASTERISK key (*).


To view all subdirectories in the Directory Tree:

 - From the Tree menu, choose Expand All, or press
   CTRL+ASTERISK (*).

Related Topic
   " Directories "~$117~

Related Procedure
   " Collapsing Directories "~I112~@@

!I128!@
Selecting Windows

To work with a window such as the Directory Tree or the Active Task List, you must first select it. 

To select a window:

 - Press TAB or click the window you want.

Related Topic
   " Welcome to MS-DOS Shell "~$100~@@

!I129!@
Moving Files

In the file list, you can move one or more files from one directory to another directory. When you move a file, it is deleted from the source directory. If you prefer displaying  the source directory and the destination directory when you move files, use the Dual File Lists view.

NOTE: If files appear in the Move File dialog box from other directories and you don't want to move them, make sure Select Across Directories is turned off, and then try again.

NOTE: If you've used the Confirmation command to turn off confirmation messages when using mouse operations, you will not see the confirmation messages described in the procedures below.

To move a file or files from one directory to another on the same drive by using a mouse:

1. Drag the file(s) onto the directory you want to move it
   to in the Directory Tree.
   The Mouse Operation Confirmation dialog box appears.
2. Choose the OK button.


To move a file or files from one directory to another on a different drive by using a mouse:

1. Hold down the ALT key and drag the file(s) onto the
   directory you want to move it to in the Directory Tree.
   The Mouse Operation Confirmation dialog box appears.
2. Choose the OK button.


To move a file or files from one location to another by using the keyboard:

1. Select the file(s) you want to move.
2. From the File menu, choose Move, or press F7.
   The Move File dialog box appears, listing each file you
   selected.
3. Type the drive and directory where you want to move
   the file.
4. Choose the OK button.

You can move more than one file at a time. MS-DOS Shell will display a Move dialog box for each selected file.

Related Procedure
   " Selecting Files "~I146~

For information on controlling the display of confirmation dialog boxes when moving files, see
   " Changing Confirmation Messages "~I108~@@

!I131!@
Opening Files

You can open a program file or a data file in the file list. Opening a program file starts the program. Opening a data file associated with a program starts the program and automatically loads the file.

To open a program file or data file by using a mouse:

 - Double-click the filename.


To open a program file or data file by using the keyboard:

1. Press TAB to move to the file list to the right of
   the Directory Tree.
2. Use the arrow keys to select the file you want to
   open.
3. Press ENTER or, from the File menu, choose Open.

Related Topic
   " How to Start Programs "~$121~

Related Procedure
   " Associating Files with a Program "~I105~@@

!I132!@
Changing the File Display Order

You can change what determines the order of files in the file list.

To change the order in which files are listed:

1. From the Options menu, choose File Display Options.
   The File Display Options dialog box appears.
2. Select the option you want.
3. Choose the OK button.

You can sort and display files in the following ways:

Choose this option  To sort
------------------  -------
Name                By filename in alphabetical order.

Extension           By extension, then by filename.

Size                By file size, smallest files to largest.

Date                By last modification date, oldest
                    files first.

DiskOrder           By the order they are stored on the
                    disk.

The Descending Order option reverses the order MS-DOS uses to sort files. When you select this option, MS-DOS Shell will:

  * Reverse the alphabetical filename order, Z to A.

  * List from Z to A by extension.

  * List from largest to smallest.

  * Reverse the date order, listing the most recent files
    first.

You can also select the Display Hidden/System option to display hidden and system files without changing the files' attributes.

Related Topic
   " File Information "~$119~@@

!I133!@
Reordering Program Items in a Program Group

You can change the order in which the group names and program items appear in the program list.

To reorder an item in a group by using a mouse:

1. Select the item you want to reorder.
2. From the File menu, choose Reorder.
3. Double-click the new location.


To reorder an item in a group by using the keyboard:

1. Select the item you want to reorder.
2. From the File menu, choose Reorder.
3. Move the cursor to the new location.
4. Press ENTER.

Related Topic
   " Program Groups and Program Items "~$140~@@

!I134!@
Printing Files

You can print files in MS-DOS Shell only from the file list and only if you have run print.exe at the command prompt. Before starting MS-DOS Shell, if you have already not started print.exe, you need to type the following at the command prompt:
       print

If you are in MS-DOS Shell and want to use the Print command, but have not already typed print at the command prompt, you need to quit MS-DOS Shell, type print, and then restart MS-DOS Shell.

To print in MS-DOS Shell:

1. From the file list, select one or more files.
2. From the File menu, choose Print.
   MS-DOS adds the files to the print queue.

NOTE: If the printer queue is full, MS-DOS Shell displays a dialog box for each file which was not printed. You can try printing the file again, skip printing the file and continue printing the rest of the files, or cancel printing the unprinted files.

NOTE: If you will be printing from MS-DOS Shell often, you can avoid typing the print command each time you use MS-DOS Shell by adding the print command to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. 
If your AUTOEXEC.BAT file contains a dosshell command, be sure the print command precedes it. For more information about the AUTOEXEC.BAT file, see "Configuring Your System," in the User's Guide.

For more information about print.exe, type HELP PRINT at the command prompt.

Related Procedure
   " Quitting MS-DOS Shell "~I126~
   " Selecting Files "~I146~@@

!I135!@
Repainting the Screen Display

Occasionally you may want to redraw your screen. The Repaint Screen command does not update the list of files; if you want to update the lists to show changes, use the Refresh command.

To repaint the screen display:

 - From the View menu, choose Repaint Screen, or press
   SHIFT+F5.

Related Procedure
   " Updating the Lists "~I161~@@

!I136!@
Renaming Files and Directories

You can change the name of a file or directory as needed.

NOTE: If dialog boxes appear for files from other directories and you don't want to rename them, make sure Select Across Directories is turned off, and then try again.

To rename a file or directory:

1. Select the file or directory you want to rename.
2. From the File menu, choose Rename.
   The Rename File dialog box appears.
3. Type the new name.
4. Choose the OK button.

You can select more than one file to rename at a time. MS-DOS Shell will display a Rename dialog box for each selected file.

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~
   " Selecting Files "~I146~@@

!I166!@
Restoring Backed Up Files

You can retrieve files that you have backed up by using the MS Backup program item in the Disk Utilities group.

To restore the files you backed up:

1. From the Disk Utilities group, choose the MS Backup program item.
2. Follow the instructions on your screen. If you need help while
   using MS Backup, press F1.
3. When you have finished restoring files, press any key to return to
   MS-DOS Shell.


Related Topics
   " More on MS Backup "~$133~
   " Program Groups and Program Items "~$140~

Related Procedure
   " Backing Up Files "~I165~@@

!I155!@
Restoring Deleted Files

Once you delete a file, you may be able to recover it. You can recover deleted files with certainty only if no other files have been created or changed on the disk.

CAUTION: Avoid running or quitting any programs or using any commands other those specified in this procedure until you restore the deleted file or files.

NOTE: If the disk you deleted files from is full, or if the TMP or TEMP variable in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file is set to the RAM drive, you may have trouble recovering deleted files. In the process of quitting programs and MS-DOS Shell, temporary files are created and stored in the directory specified in the TMP or TEMP variable. These temporary files may overwrite deleted files that you want to restore.

For more information about setting these variables, see
   "Setting the TEMP or TMP Variable"~I167~

There are several ways to restore files that you deleted. The following chart is to help you figure out the safest way to recover your files depending on importance of the files and the amount of disk space you have.

If                         Do this
--                         -------
The files are critical,    Press CTRL+ALT+DEL to restart
or TMP or TEMP is set      your computer and use the
to the RAM drive           undelete command at the command
                           prompt.

The files are noncritical  Use the Undelete program item, or
                           press SHIFT+F9 to leave MS-DOS
                           Shell immediately, and use the
                           undelete command at the command
                           prompt.

To restore a file or files by using the Undelete program item:

1. From the Disk Utilities group, choose the Undelete
   program item.
   The Undelete dialog box appears, where you can type
   parameters and switches. 
2. Choose the OK button.

For more information about the parameters and switches you can use, see:
   " More on Undelete "~$137~

For more information about Undelete, type HELP UNDELETE at the command prompt.

Related Topic
   " Program Groups and Program Items "~$140~

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Files "~I146~
   " Deleting Files and Directories "~I117~
   " Using the Command Prompt "~I124~

For information on controlling the display of confirmation dialog boxes when deleting files, see
   " Changing Confirmation Messages "~I108~

For more information about the TMP variable, see "Configuring Your System," in the User's Guide.

UNDELETE Copyright (c) 1987-1991 Central Point Software, Inc.@@

!I138!@
Scrolling Through Lists

Some lists are longer than their display area on your screen. You can move (or scroll) through lists of files, directories, groups, program items, dialog box options, and file contents in order to see more information.

Use the PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN keys to view the next or previous window of information in the list. If you have a mouse, you can click the top or bottom of the scroll bar to the right of the list.

Use the UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys to scroll through a list one item at a time. You can also click the arrows in the scroll bar to the right of the list, or drag the scroll box up or down in the scroll bar.

Use CTRL+HOME to move to the beginning of a list. Use CTRL+END to move to the end of a list.

You can press a letter key to move to the next item that begins with that letter.

Related Topics
   " Dialog Boxes "~$105~
   " Scroll Bars "~$113~
   " Welcome to MS-DOS Shell "~$100~@@

!I139!@
Searching for Files

In the file list, you can search for files anywhere on the selected drive.

When you search for files, you can specify a single filename or use MS-DOS wildcards to specify a particular set of files -- for example, *.TXT. The files are listed, along with the directory path. From this list, you can perform regular file operations.

To search for files:

1. From the File menu, choose Search.
2. Type the name of the file you want to search for, or
   use MS-DOS wildcards (* or ?) to search for a set of
   files with similar names or extensions.
3. Choose the OK button.@@

!I140!@
Selecting Files Across Directories

You can select files in more than one directory at a time. Once you've selected the files in different directories, you can perform the same task on all of them together -- for example, deleting files across directories.

To select files in more than one directory:

1. From the Options menu, choose Select Across Directories.
   A mark next to the command name indicates that the
   command is active.
2. Display each of the directories you want to select
   files from, and then select the files you want.


To cancel the Select Across Directories command:

 - From the Options menu, choose Select Across Directories.
   The mark next to the command name disappears. Only the
   selected files in the current directory will be selected.

Related Topics
   " Disk Drives "~$116~
   " File Selection "~$118~

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~
   " Selecting Files "~I146~@@

!I141!@
Selecting All Files in a Directory

You can select all files currently displayed in the file list.

To select all files in the file list:

  - From the File menu, choose Select All, or press
    CTRL+SLASH (/).


To cancel all selections:

 - From the File menu, choose Deselect All, or press
   CTRL+BACKSLASH (\).

Related Topic
   " File Selection "~$118~@@

!I142!@
Selecting and Canceling Menus

You choose commands in MS-DOS Shell from menus located in the menu bar at the top of your screen. When you select the menu bar, you make it active.

To select the menu bar by using a mouse:

 - Click the menu name you want.


To select the menu bar by using the keyboard:

 - Press ALT or F10.

Once the menu bar is active, you can use the arrow keys or a mouse to view different menus and choose commands.

Related Topic
   " Menus and Commands "~$103~

Related Procedure
   " Choosing Commands "~I110~@@

!I161!@
Updating the Lists

MS-DOS Shell can reread the disk and update the lists to show changes such as deleted or restored files.

To refresh the lists:

 - From the View menu, choose Refresh, or press F5.

Related Procedure
   " Repainting the Screen Display "~I135~@@

!I143!@
Using Dialog Box Options

You can select options displayed in a dialog box to give a command or operation additional information. Another way to specify information is by typing in a text box.

Check Boxes, Option Buttons, and List Boxes
-------------------------------------------
To select dialog box options by using a mouse:

 - Click the option you want to select.


To select dialog box options by using the keyboard:

1. Press TAB to move to the option you want.
2. To select this option   Do this
   ---------------------   -------
   A check box             Press the SPACEBAR to select
                           or clear it.

   An option button        Press the UP ARROW or DOWN
                           ARROW keys.

   An item in a list box   Press the UP ARROW or DOWN
                           ARROW keys. Or, you can press
                           the first letter of the item you
                           want; the selection cursor will
                           move to the first item that
                           starts with that letter.

Text Boxes
----------
If the text box already contains text, the text is automatically selected and any new text you type replaces it. If you don't want to replace all of the text, you can insert and delete text.

To type information in a dialog box:

1. Press TAB or click to move to the area where you want to
   type information.
2. Type the appropriate information, using the BACKSPACE
   key to correct mistakes.
3. Choose the OK button to accept the information and carry
   out the command.


To insert letters in the text:

1. Use the arrow keys or click to position the insertion
   point where you want to insert text.
2. Type the text, using BACKSPACE to correct mistakes.

Related Topic
   " Dialog Boxes "~$105~

Related Procedure
   " Choosing Command Buttons "~I109~@@

!I144!@
Selecting Directories

When you select a directory in the Directory Tree, the area to the right of the Directory Tree displays a list of files contained in that directory.

To select a directory by using a mouse:

 - Click the name of the directory in the directory
   tree.


To select a directory by using the keyboard:

1. Use the UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys to move to the
   previous or next directory.
2. Press ENTER.

Related Topic
   " Directories "~$117~

Related Procedure
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~@@

!I145!@
Selecting Drives

The file list displays the directories and files contained on the currently selected drive. You can select a different drive to view its contents.

To select a drive by using a mouse:

 - Click the drive letter.

Or

 - Double-click the current drive letter to have MS-DOS
   Shell reread the disk and update the lists to show
   changes such as deleted or restored files.


To select a drive by using the keyboard:

 - Press and hold down CTRL and press the letter that
   corresponds to the drive (for example, CTRL+C).

Or

1. Press TAB to move to the area listing the drive
   letters.
2. Select the drive you want using the LEFT ARROW or
   RIGHT ARROW keys.
3. Press ENTER.

Related Topic
   " Disk Drives "~$116~@@

!I146!@
Selecting Files

Before you can perform most file operations in the file list, you must first select a file.

NOTE: Don't press ENTER unless you want to open the selected file.

Selecting a Single File
-----------------------
To select a file by using a mouse:

 - Click the filename.


To select a file by using the keyboard:

1. Press TAB to move to the list of files.
2. Select the file by pressing the UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW
   keys.

Selecting All Files
-------------------
To select all files:

 - From the File menu, choose Select All, or press
   CTRL+SLASH (/).

Extending a Selection
---------------------
To select consecutive files by using a mouse:

1. Click the first file.
2. Press and hold down SHIFT, and click the last file in the
   range.


To select consecutive files by using the keyboard:

1. Press TAB to move to the list of files.
2. Select the first file.
3. Press and hold down SHIFT and press the UP ARROW or
   DOWN ARROW keys to select the additional files you want.

Selecting Nonconsecutive Files
-------------------------------
To select nonconsecutive files by using a mouse:

1. Click the first file.
2. Press and hold down CTRL, and then click each other file
   you want.

The Add mode is an easy keyboard method to select nonconsecutive files. In Add mode, you use the arrow keys to move through the list of files, and then press the SPACEBAR to select the files you want.

To use the Add Mode to select two nonconsecutive files:

1. Select the first file.
2. Press SHIFT+F8 to turn on Add mode.
   "ADD" appears in the status bar.
3. Use the arrow keys to move to the second file you want
   to select.
4. Press the SPACEBAR.


To turn off Add mode:

 - Press SHIFT+F8.
   "Add" is no longer displayed in the status bar.

Canceling a Selection in Add Mode
---------------------------------
To cancel a selection in Add mode by using a mouse:

 - Press and hold down CTRL, and click the file.


To cancel a selection in Add mode by using the keyboard:

1. If Add mode is not already on, press SHIFT+F8.
   "ADD" appears in the status bar.
2. Use the arrow keys to move to the file.
3. Press the SPACEBAR.

Related Topics
   " File List Overview "~1N~
   " File Selection "~$118~

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~
   " Selecting Drives "~I145~@@

!I147!@
Starting Programs

You can start a program or run a command from either the program list or the file list.

From the Program List
---------------------
To start a program from the program list by using a mouse:

 - Double-click the program item.


To start a program from the program list by using the keyboard:

1. Open the group that contains the program item.
2. Select the program item.
3. Press ENTER or, from the File menu, choose Open.


To run a program from MS-DOS Command Prompt in the Main group:

1. From the program list, choose the Main group.
2. Choose the Command Prompt program item.
   You temporarily leave MS-DOS Shell.
3. Type the name of the program file or the command name,
   along with any switches or parameters you want, on the
   command line.
4. Press ENTER.

To return to MS-DOS Shell when you have finished using the program:

1. Type: exit
2. Press ENTER.

From the File List
------------------
To start a program from the file list by using a mouse:

 - Double-click the program file or an associated file.


To start a program from the file list by using the keyboard:

1. Select the program file or an associated data file.
2. Press ENTER or, from the File menu, choose Open.


Using the Run Command
---------------------
If the program you want to run is not displayed, you can use the Run command to start it.

To start a program by using the Run command:

1. From the File menu, choose Run.
   The Run dialog box appears.
2. Type the path of the program file, along with any
   switches or parameters you want, in the Commands box.
   You can open a data file at the same time you start most
   programs by typing a space and the data-file path after
   the program filename.
3. Choose the OK button.

Related Topic
   " How to Start Programs "~$121~

Related Procedures
   " Associating Files with a Program "~I105~
   " Adding Program Items to Program Groups "~I102~
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~
   " Opening Files "~I131~

For more information on MS-DOS commands, MS-DOS Help. To view MS-DOS Help, switch to the command prompt, and then type HELP.@@

!I160!@
Leaving MS-DOS Shell

You can leave MS-DOS Shell temporarily while you work with the MS-DOS command prompt and return to it again when you're finished.

To temporarily leave MS-DOS Shell:

 - Press SHIFT+F9.

   Or 

 - From the Main group, choose the Command Prompt program
   item.


To return to MS-DOS Shell from the command prompt:

1. Type: exit
2. Press ENTER.

Related Topic
   " How to Leave MS-DOS Shell "~$125~

Related Procedure
   " Quitting MS-DOS Shell "~I126~@@

!I152!@
Using Task Swapping and the Active Task List

When you choose Enable Task Swapper, you can have several programs running at one time and switch between them. When Task Swapper is enabled, each program you run is added to the Active Task List to the right of the program list. You can switch from MS-DOS Shell to any program listed in the Active Task List, or switch between programs.

To turn on task swapping and display the Active Task List:

 - From the Options menu, choose Enable Task Swapper.
   A mark appears next to the command name. The Active 
   Task List appears to the right of the program list.

There are two ways to start programs when task swapping is on. You can:

  * Start the program and display it.

  * Start the program and stay in MS-DOS Shell. You
    might use this if you wanted to start several
    programs in MS-DOS Shell before using them.

NOTE: You should not run 3270 emulator programs with Task Swapper. Using them with Task Swapper may disconnect you from your mainframe and cause data to be lost.

To start a program and display it:

 - Start the program just as you always do.
   The program window appears. MS-DOS Shell
   automatically adds it to the Active Task List.


To start a program and stay in MS-DOS Shell:

 - Hold down the SHIFT key and double-click the program
   filename or associated file.

Or

 - Select the program name and press SHIFT+ENTER.
   MS-DOS Shell adds the program to the Active Task List.


To switch to an item in the Active Task List:

 - Double-click its name.

Or

 - Use the arrow keys to select its name, and then 
   press ENTER.
   The program window appears.


To return to MS-DOS Shell from a program:

 - Press CTRL+ESC.

NOTE: Any programs in the Active Task List must be closed before you quit MS-DOS Shell.

Related Topics
   " How to Use More than One Program "~$122~
   " Program List Overview "~I099~

Related Procedures
   " How to Use More than One Program "~$122~
   " Switching Between Programs "~I148~
   " Starting Programs "~I147~
   " Quitting MS-DOS Shell "~I126~@@

!I148!@
Switching Between Programs

You can switch from MS-DOS Shell to any program in the Active Task List, or switch between programs.

To                                  Do this
--                                  -------
Switch to MS-DOS Shell from a       Press CTRL+ESC.
program

Switch to a program from            Choose it from the 
MS-DOS Shell                        Active Task List.

Switch to another program           Hold down the ALT key
by cycling through the              while you repeatedly
programs                            press TAB until you come
                                    to the program you want.

Switch between two programs         Press ALT+TAB.

Switch to the next program          Press ALT+ESC.

Switch to the previous              Press SHIFT+ALT+ESC.
program.

Cycle through the programs          Hold down the SHIFT key
backwards                           and the ALT key while
                                    you repeatedly press TAB
                                    until you come to the
                                    program you want.

Use an application shortcut         Press CTRL+letter,
key you defined. You can create     ALT+letter,
these shortcut key combinations     or SHIFT+letter.
in the Add Program dialog box.

Related Topic
   " How to Use More than One Program "~$122~

Related Procedures
   " How to Use More than One Program "~$122~
   " Using Task Swapping and the Active Task List "~I152~
   " Starting Programs "~I147~
   " Quitting MS-DOS Shell "~I126~@@

!I149!@
Viewing File Contents

You can view the contents of a file in ASCII (character) or hexadecimal (numeric) format.

NOTE: The View File Contents command is not an editing tool.

To view the contents of a file:

1. Select the file you want to view.
2. From the File menu, choose View File Contents,
   or press F9.


To scroll through a file by using a mouse:

 - At the top of the window, click the words "PgUp" or
   "PgDn" or the arrows.


To scroll through a file by using the keyboard:

 - Press the PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN, UP ARROW, or DOWN ARROW
   keys.


To switch the screen display between ASCII and hexadecimal:

 - From the Display menu, choose either ASCII or Hex, or
   press F9.


To display the file list:

 - From the View menu, choose Restore View, or press ESC.@@

!I150!@
Working with a Mouse

The mouse pointer displayed on your screen moves as you roll the mouse across your desk. To perform a task by using a mouse, you point to what you want and then click, double-click, or drag. These terms mean the following:

Term            Action
----            ------
Point           Move the mouse pointer to a specific place
                on your screen by sliding the mouse.

Click           Press and release the left mouse button.
                "Click" implies that you first point to what
                you want and then press the mouse button.

Double-click    Quickly press the left mouse button twice in
                succession. "Double-click" implies that you
                first point to what you want and then press
                the mouse button twice rapidly.

Drag            Move the mouse pointer to the object you
                want, press and hold down the left mouse
                button and slide the mouse to another
                location, and then release the mouse button.
                For example, you can move a file by dragging
                its filename to a different directory name.@@

!I153!!H!@
Using Help

Viewing Help Topics
-------------------
You can use the following to scroll more Help information into view:

    * The PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN keys

    * The arrow keys

    * The scroll bar to the right of the dialog box

Help displays related topics in a different color.

To view a related topic:

 - Press TAB to select the topic you want, and then press
   ENTER. You can also click the topic name.


To move to the previous topic:

 - Press SHIFT+TAB.


To close a Help window:

 - Press ESC, or press TAB to select the OK button and
   then press ENTER. You can also click the OK button.

Getting Instant Help
--------------------
To get instant Help on a menu, command, dialog box
option, or an area of the MS-DOS Shell window:

 -  Select the item and press F1.


To get instant Help on a dialog box or a message
displayed on your screen:

 - Press TAB to select the Help button, and then press F1
   or ENTER. You can also click the Help button.

Using the Help Index
--------------------
To view an index of Help topics:

 - From the Help menu, choose Index.


To view the Help index from a Help window:

 - Press TAB to select the Index button and then press
   ENTER. You can also click the Index button.


To move to the previous Help button:
 - Press SHIFT+TAB.


More on Help
------------
For more information about MS-DOS Shell Help, choose the Using Help command from the Help menu.@@

!K!@
Keyboard Help

To see a topic:

 - Double-click the topic.

Or

 - Press TAB to select the topic you want, and then press ENTER.

   " General MS-DOS Shell Keys "~K101~
   " Movement Keys "~K102~
   " Help Keys "~K109~
   " Active Task List Keys "~K103~
   " Program List Keys "~K104~
   " File List Keys "~K105~
   " File Selection Keys "~K106~
   " Directory Tree Keys "~K107~
   " Drive Selection Keys "~K108~@@

!K101!@
General MS-DOS Shell Keys

Use the following keys when working with MS-DOS Shell:

Press this key    To
--------------    --
ENTER             Carry out a command or operation.

ESC               Cancel the current command or
                  operation.

F1                Display Help information on the
                  selected area, command, or dialog
                  box option.

F3 or             Quit MS-DOS Shell and go to the
ALT+F4            MS-DOS command prompt.

SHIFT+F5          Redraw the screen. Equivalent to the
                  Repaint Screen command. It does not
                  update the list of files.

SHIFT+F9          Save MS-DOS Shell in memory and go to
                  the MS-DOS command prompt.@@

!K102!@
Movement Keys

Use the following keys to move around the MS-DOS Shell window:

Press this key   To
--------------   --
F10              Select the menu bar at the top of
or ALT           the window.

TAB              Move to the next area of the MS-DOS Shell
                 window or dialog box.

SHIFT+TAB        Move to the previous area of the MS-DOS
                 Shell window or dialog box.

HOME             Move to the beginning of a line or
                 a list.

END              Move to the end of a line or a list.

CTRL+HOME        Move to the beginning of a list.

CTRL+END         Move to the end of a list.

PAGE UP          Scroll to the previous window of
                 information.

PAGE DOWN        Scroll to the next window of
                 information.

UP ARROW or      Scroll up and down in a list,
DOWN ARROW       line by line.

Letter key       Move to the next item in a list
                 that begins with that letter.@@

!K103!@
Active Task List Keys

You must turn on task swapping before you can use the following keys:

Press this key        To
--------------        --
SHIFT+ENTER           Start a program and add it to the
                      Active Task List without leaving
                      MS-DOS Shell.

CTRL+ESC              Go to MS-DOS Shell from a program.

Hold down the ALT     Go to another program by cycling
key and repeatedly    through the programs.
press TAB until you
come to the program
you want.

ALT+TAB               Switch between two programs.

ALT+ESC               Go to the next program.

SHIFT+ALT+ESC         Go to the previous program.

Hold down             Cycle backwards through the programs.
SHIFT+ALT+TAB

CTRL+letter,          Switch to a program. You can create
ALT+letter,           these application shortcut key
SHIFT+letter,         combinations in the Add Program
ALT+CTRL+letter,      dialog box.
SHIFT+CTRL+letter,
or SHIFT+ALT+letter@@

!K104!@
Program List Keys

Use the following keys when working in the program list:

Press this key          To
--------------          --
F2                      Copy programs in the program list
                        by using the Copy command.

DEL                     Delete the selected program item or
                        group.


If task swapping is on, you can use the following keys:

Press this key          To
--------------          --
SHIFT+ENTER             Add the selected program item to the
                        Active Task List without switching
                        to the program.

SHIFT+CTRL+ENTER        Add the selected program item to the
                        Active Task List without switching
                        to the program. When you switch to
                        it, the program automatically opens
                        the file specified in the Properties
                        dialog box.@@

!K105!@
File List Keys

Use the following keys when working in the file list:

Press this key      To
--------------      --
F5                  Update the Directory Tree and file
                    list. F5 is equivalent to the Refresh
                    command on the View menu.

CTRL+F5             Update the file list for the current
                    directory.

F7                  Move the selected file or files from
                    one directory to another. F7 is
                    equivalent to the Move command.

F8                  Copy the selected file or files
                    from one directory to another. F8 is
                    equivalent to the Copy command.

F9                  Display the contents of a file. F9
                    is equivalent to the View File Contents 
                    command.

DEL                 Delete the selected file or files.


When viewing the
contents of a file,  
press this key      To
----------------    --
F9                  Switch between ASCII and hexadecimal
                    display.


If task swapping is on, you can use the following keys:

Press this key      To
--------------      --
SHIFT+ENTER         Add the program to the Active Task
                    List without switching to the
                    program.@@

!K106!@
File Selection Keys

Use the following keys to select items in the file list:

Press this key     To
--------------     --
SHIFT+F8           Turn Add mode on or off. You can turn
                   Add mode on to select nonconsecutive
                   items from the file list. When Add mode
                   is on, the word "ADD" is displayed in the
                   lower-right corner of the MS-DOS Shell 
                   window.

SHIFT+UP ARROW     Add the previous file in the file
                   list to the selection.

SHIFT+DOWN ARROW   Add the next file in the file list to
                   the selection.

SHIFT+PAGE UP      Add files in the previous window's
                   file list to the selection.

SHIFT+PAGE DOWN    Add files in the next window's file
                   list to the selection.

CTRL+/             Select all files in the list.

CTRL+\             Cancel the file selection in the
                   list.

In Add mode,
press this key     To
--------------     --
SHIFT+SPACEBAR     Select the group of files between the
                   previously selected file and the cursor.

SPACEBAR           Add the file at the cursor location to
                   the selection.@@

!K107!@
Directory Tree Keys

Use the following keys when working in the Directory Tree:

Press this key     To
--------------     --
UP ARROW or        Move the cursor up or down to the
DOWN ARROW         next directory.

CTRL+ASTERISK (*)  Display all directories in the tree.

MINUS (-)          Hide the subdirectories in the
                   selected directory.

PLUS (+)           Display one level of subdirectories
                   in the selected directory.

ASTERISK (*)       Display all subdirectories in the
                   selected directory.@@

!K108!@
Drive Selection Keys

Use the following keys to select a drive in the file list:

Press this key   To
--------------   --
SPACEBAR         Display the directories on the
                 selected drive.

CTRL+drive       Move the cursor to the drive,
letter           read the drive, and display its
                 directories. This shortcut key is
                 equivalent to selecting the drive
                 letter and pressing the SPACEBAR.

ENTER            Read the currently selected drive
                 and display its contents.

F5               Update the Directory Tree and file
                 list. F5 is equivalent to the Refresh
                 command on the View menu.

CTRL+F5          Update the file list for the current
                 directory.@@

!K109!@
Help Keys

Use the following keys when viewing Help text:

Press this key   To
--------------   --
ENTER            Carry out a command or operation or
                 display the selected topic.

ESC              Close the current Help window.

F1               Display information on how to use Help.

TAB              Move to the next Help button; within a
                 topic, move to the next topic title.

SHIFT+TAB        Move to the previous Help button or
                 previous related topic title.

PAGE UP          Scroll to the previous window of
                 information.

PAGE DOWN        Scroll to the next window of
                 information.

UP ARROW or      Scroll up and down in a list,
DOWN ARROW       line by line.@@

!B!@
MS-DOS Shell Basics

MS-DOS Shell Basics explains the basics of using MS-DOS Shell, a graphical environment that helps you organize and work with files and directories.

This Help information assumes you are familiar with basic MS-DOS concepts such as files, directories, and paths. If you are new to MS-DOS, see "MS-DOS Basics" in the User's Guide.

To see a topic:

 - Double-click the topic.

Or

 - Press TAB to select the topic, and then press ENTER.

The following topics get you started using MS-DOS Shell:

   " Welcome to MS-DOS Shell "~$100~
   " Menus and Commands "~$103~
   " Dialog Boxes "~$105~
   " File List and Program List "~$114~
   " File List Overview "~1N~
   " Program List Overview "~I099~
   " How to Leave MS-DOS Shell "~$125~

To see step-by-step instructions for how to complete a task described in a topic, choose the related procedure at the bottom of the topic.@@

!$100!@
Welcome to MS-DOS Shell

MS-DOS Shell helps you see the organization of your files and programs at a glance.

  * Organize Files Graphically
    You can easily see where your files are located and
    see information about them.

  * Organize Programs Graphically
    You can organize programs into groups that make the
    programs easier to find and use.

  * Work with Files and Programs Graphically
    Instead of typing commands and parameters at the command
    prompt, you can choose commands from menus and specify
    options in dialog boxes.


When you first start MS-DOS Shell, you see a window with a list of the files on the current drive and a list of programs available to you. For more information about these lists, see
   " File List and Program List "~$114~

The parts of the MS-DOS Shell window include the following:

  * The title bar displays the name MS-DOS Shell at
    the top of your screen.

  * The menu bar lists the names of the available
    menus. When you select a menu, it displays a list
    of commands you can choose from.

  * Drive letters indicate which drives are currently
    available.

  * The window title displays the name of the current
    directory, group name, the Directory Tree, or the
    Active Task List.

  * The selection cursor shows what is selected in the
    list.

  * Scroll bars let you move part of a list into view
    when the whole list isn't visible at once.

  * The status bar displays messages and the current 
    time at the bottom of the screen.

You can choose from a variety of color combinations and screen modes for displaying MS-DOS Shell windows.

Related Procedures
   " Changing Colors "~I106~
   " Changing the Screen Display "~I154~

Next topic:
   " Scroll Bars "~$113~@@

!$113!@
Scroll Bars

Some areas of the MS-DOS Shell window and dialog boxes contain scroll bars you can use to view text that requires more than the available space.

To scroll           Do this
---------           -------
Line by line        Click one of the scroll arrows.
                    Or, press the UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW
                    key.

Continuously        Point to one of the scroll arrows
                    and hold down the mouse button
                    until the information you want
                    comes into view. Or, hold down
                    the UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW key.

Quickly             Drag the scroll box up or down the
                    scroll bar to the position you
                    want. The section of the text or
                    list that comes into view depends
                    on the position of the scroll box.
                    For example, if you move the scroll
                    box halfway down the scroll bar,
                    the text halfway through a file
                    or list appears. You can also press the
                    PAGE DOWN or PAGE UP key.

Next topic:
   " Menus and Commands "~$103~@@

!$103!@
Menus and Commands

Commands represent actions that you can tell MS-DOS Shell to carry out. MS-DOS Shell lists commands in menus. The menus vary depending on whether the selected MS-DOS Shell window  is displaying directories and files or groups and program items.

Selecting Menus
---------------
Selecting the menu is the first step in choosing a command. You can also select a menu to:

  * See its commands.

  * Get Help on the selected menu by pressing the F1 key.

When you want to close a menu without choosing a command, press ESC.

Choosing Commands
-----------------
Some commands perform tasks directly; others require more information. No matter which menu or command you want to use, you follow the same procedure: first select the menu and then choose the command.

Some command names have symbols and letters next to them and sometimes command names are dimmed.

When you see this    It means
-----------------    --------
Dimmed command       The command is not available at
                     this time. You might need to select
                     something before you can use the
                     command, or it might not be avail-
                     able for the task you are currently
                     performing.

Mark                 The command is active. Used for
                     a command that turns a feature either
                     on or off.

Key combination      You can use this as a shortcut to
                     choose the command without first
                     displaying the menu.

Ellipsis (...)       A dialog box will appear when the
                     command is chosen, requesting
                     information needed to carry out the
                     command.

Related Procedures
   " Selecting and Canceling Menus "~I142~
   " Choosing Commands "~I110~

Next topic:
   " Dialog Boxes "~$105~@@

!$105!@
Dialog Boxes

Instead of remembering the exact parameters and other information needed to carry out commands from the command-line, you can fill out dialog boxes which display all the options. There are several ways to specify information in dialog boxes.

The following are the types of options you will see:

With this            You can
---------            -------
Check box            Select as many of the boxes as you
                     like. A selected check box contains
                     an X.

List box             Select one from the list of choices.
                     You can use the scroll bars to see
                     choices that aren't visible.

Option button        Select one from the group of small
                     round buttons. You can only select
                     one option at a time. The selected
                     option button contains a dot.

Text box             Type text in a box with a cursor in it.

After you supply the information, you choose the OK button to carry out the command.

To close a dialog box without carrying out the command:
 - Press ESC or choose the Cancel button.

You can also get Help on the dialog box by choosing the Help button.

Related Procedures
   " Using Dialog Box Options "~I143~
   " Scrolling Through Lists "~I138~
   " Choosing Command Buttons "~I109~

Next topic:
   " File List and Program List "~$114~@@

!$114!@
File List and Program List

MS-DOS Shell provides two basic kinds of lists:

  * A list of directories and files

  * A list of program items and groups

MS-DOS Shell also offers you several ways to view these lists by using commands on the View menu, as follows:

To view                  Choose
-------                  ------
Only directories and     Single File List
files on a disk

Directories and files    Dual File Lists
on two disks

Files in a selected      All Files
drive and file
information

Only groups and          Program List
program items

Groups, program          Program/File Lists
items, directories,
and files

To view a particular list, choose it from the View menu. Here are some suggestions for when to view each list:

Use                      To
---                      --
Single File List         Find a file in a directory.

Dual File Lists          Copy or move a file from one
                         directory or disk to another.

All Files                Compare information about files.

Program List             Start a program and an
                         associated file.

Program/File Lists       Create a new program item
                         by copying information from the
                         file list.

Next topic:
   " File List Overview "~1N~@@

!1N!!2N!!YN!@
File List Overview

The file list provides a convenient way to display and work with your disk drives, directories, and files. The file list displays a list of directories (called the Directory Tree) for a selected disk drive, and a list of files for a selected directory. Select a different disk drive to view its directory tree; select a different directory to view its files.

The menus at the top of the file list window contain commands you use when working with disks, directories, and files. You can use the file list to move, copy, delete, open, print, rename, change the attributes of, and view the contents of files. You can also create, delete, and rename directories. The command prompt is available from the file list as well.


The following topics teach you the basics of using the file list:

   " Disk Drives "~$116~
   " Directories "~$117~
   " File Selection "~$118~
   " File Information "~$119~

Related Procedures

   " Copying Files "~I113~
   " Deleting Files "~I117~
   " Moving Files "~I129~
   " Printing Files "~I134~
   " Renaming Files and Directories "~I136~
   " Searching for Files "~I139~
   " Viewing File Contents "~I149~
   " Viewing File, Directory, and Drive Information "~I120~


Next topic:
   " Disk Drives "~$116~@@

!$116!@
Disk Drives

When you start MS-DOS Shell, the file list displays the directories and files on the disk that contains the command files for MS-DOS Shell. To work with other directories and files on another drive, you need to select the drive letter. If there are several directories on the new drive, MS-DOS Shell displays a "Reading Disk Information" message.

Related Procedure
   " Selecting Drives "~I145~

Next topic:
   " Directories "~$117~@@

!$117!@
Directories

In the file list, you display directories to work with the files they contain.

Selecting Directories
---------------------
The current directory is the selected directory in the Directory Tree. You can select only one directory at a time in each Directory Tree window.

Expanding Directories
---------------------
When you start MS-DOS Shell, the Directory Tree displays only the first level of directories on the current drive.

A plus sign (+) to the left of a directory name indicates that one or more subdirectories exists for that directory. If you select a directory icon that includes a plus sign, MS-DOS Shell displays its subdirectories. This is called "expanding" the directory. When you expand a directory, the plus sign changes to a minus sign (-).

You can also use the commands on the Tree menu to control the amount of directory information displayed. You can expand an entire branch (all subdirectories in the selected directory), a single level of the branch, or all directories in the tree.

Collapsing Directories
----------------------
You can "collapse" the directory to hide any currently displayed subdirectories. The minus sign (-) changes to a plus sign (+). When you start MS-DOS Shell, it displays the directories in the root directory.

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~
   " Collapsing Directories "~I112~

Next topic: " File Selection "~$118~@@


!$118!@
File Selection

Before you can work with a file in the file list, you must select it. MS-DOS Shell indicates that a file is selected by highlighting its name in the list.

Within a directory, you can select more than one file at a time. This is called "extending" the selection. For example, you can select several files and copy them to another directory. You can select files that are:

  * In consecutive order

  * Scattered throughout the directory

  * In more than one directory

You can always cancel a selection or all selections.

Related Topic
   " Searching for Files "~I139~

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Files "~I146~
   " Selecting Across Directories "~I140~
   " Selecting All Files in a Directory "~I141~

Next topic: " File Information "~$119~@@

!$119!@
File Information

You can control how MS-DOS Shell displays information about files by using the File Display Options command on the Options menu. When you start MS-DOS Shell, the file list displays all the files in the current directory except hidden and system files. The files are listed alphabetically by name from A to Z. You can do the following:

  * Change the type of file displayed; for example, you
    can display only files that end with .TXT.

  * Display hidden and system files.

  * Sort alphabetically by filename or by extension,
    by date, by size, or by the order the files are
    placed on the disk.

  * Reverse the alphabetical or numerical order that 
    MS-DOS Shell uses to sort by filename and extension 
    or by date.

Related Procedure
   " Viewing File, Directory, and Drive Information "~I120~

Next topic:
   " Program List Overview "~I099~@@

!I099!@
Program List Overview

The program list provides a convenient way to display and group program items so they're easy to locate and start. The list that MS-DOS Shell displays when you first use the program list is called the "Main" group. The program list also comes with a group called "Disk Utilities" that contains an assortment of program items that run MS-DOS commands.

The menus at the top of the program list window contain commands for working with program items and groups. You can add, delete, organize, and modify groups and programs in the list by using commands on the File menu.

Related Procedures
   " Displaying the Program List "~I162~
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~

Next topic:
   " Program Groups and Program Items "~$140~@@

!TN!@
Active Task List Overview

When task swapping is turned on, the Active Task List displays a list of the programs you started. You use the Active Task List to move from one program to another. For example, you can go from your database program to your spreadsheet, and then to your text editor, without having to quit one program and start another.

When you quit a program, it is deleted from the Active Task List.

CAUTION: You should not run 3270 emulator programs with Task Swapper turned on. Using them with Task Swapper may disconnect you from your mainframe and cause data to be lost.

Related Procedures
   " Using Task Swapping and the Active Task List "~I152~
   " Switching Between Programs "~I148~@@

!$140!@
Program Groups and Program Items

A "group" is a name given to a collection of program items. Groups can also contain other program groups.

A "program item" contains startup instructions for a program. It's not the program file.

Groups can be distinguished from program items by either a different icon (to the left of the group name in graphics mode) or by brackets (surrounding the group name in text mode).

You can add groups and program items to and delete them from the program list, as well as change their properties. You can also copy program items to groups.

The program list comes with the following program items organized by group.

MAIN GROUP

Choose this
program item        To
------------        --
Command Prompt      Use the MS-DOS command prompt.

Editor              Edit files such as batch programs.

MS-DOS QBasic       To create, modify or run your own
                    programs.

DISK UTILITIES GROUP

Choose this
program item        To
------------        --
Disk Copy           Copy the files on a disk to another
                    disk.

Backup Fixed Disk   Make backup copies of files on your hard
                    drive.

Restore Fixed Disk  Restore files that were backed up.

Quick Format        Format a disk to accept MS-DOS files.

Format              Format a disk to accept MS-DOS files.

Undelete            Restore deleted files.

Related Procedures:
   " Backing Up Files "~I165~
   " Copying Files "~I113~
   " Formatting Floppy Disks "~I164~
   " Restoring Backed Up Files "~I166~
   " Restoring Deleted Files "~I155~
   " Using the Command Prompt "~I124~

For more information on MS-DOS Editor, see the online MS-DOS Editor Help. For more information about MS-DOS QBasic, see the online MS-DOS QBasic Help.

Next topic:
   " How to Start Programs "~$121~@@

!$121!@
How to Start Programs

MS-DOS Shell offers several ways to start a program:

  * From the file list, choose a program file or a file
    associated with it. You can also select the program file
    and, from the File menu, choose Open. When you quit the
    program, you will return to MS-DOS Shell.

  * From the File menu, choose Run. You type the name of
    the program file and any parameters and switches in the
    dialog box, and then press ENTER. When you quit the
    program, you will return to MS-DOS Shell.

  * From the program list, choose a program item. This is
    the easiest way to start programs you use frequently or
    programs in different directories. When you quit the
    program, you will return to MS-DOS Shell.

  * From the Main group, choose Command Prompt. You type the
    name of the program file and any parameters and switches
    on the command line, and then press ENTER. When you quit
    the program, you must type EXIT to return to MS-DOS
    Shell.

If you                             Start it by using
------                             -----------------
Use the program frequently         The program list

Know the path                      The Run command or the
                                   file list

Do not know the path               The file list

Want to temporarily leave          The Command Prompt
MS-DOS Shell                       program item in the
                                   Main group


Related Procedure
   " Starting Programs "~I147~

Next topic:
   " How to Use More than One Program "~$122~@@

!$122!@
How to Use More than One Program

You can start several programs and move from one to another. For example, you can go from your database program to your spreadsheet, and then to your text editor, without having to quit one program and start another.

When you choose the Enable Task Swapper command, each program you start is added to the Active Task List. You use the Active Task List to move from one program to another.

When you quit a program, it is deleted from the Active Task List.

CAUTION: You should not run 3270 emulator programs with Task Swapper turned on. Using them with Task Swapper may disconnect you from your mainframe and cause data to be lost.

Related Procedures
   " Using Task Swapping and the Active Task List "~I152~
   " Switching Between Programs "~I148~

Next topic:
   " Associated Files "~$123~@@

!$123!@
Associated Files

If you have a set of files that you often use with a particular program, you can save time by associating files with the program. Then, when you choose a file, the program starts and automatically loads the file.

For example, you could associate all .TXT files with your text editor. Then, whenever you opened any .TXT file, MS-DOS Shell would automatically start your text editor and load the .TXT file.

You can also associate files without an extension with a program file. Note that every file without an extension will be associated with the selected program file.

When associating multiple extensions, you can type up to 79 characters in the dialog box. However, you can only associate an extension with one program at a time. For example, you can't associate the extension .TXT with two different text editors at the same time.

You can also cancel the association between a file and a program.

There may be times when you need to use an already associated file with a different program. You can use the Run command to do this.

Related Procedures
   " Associating Files with a Program "~I105~
   " Starting Programs "~I147~

Next topic:
   " How to Leave MS-DOS Shell "~$125~@@

!$125!@
How to Leave MS-DOS Shell

There are two ways to leave MS-DOS Shell and move to the MS-DOS command prompt. You can do the following:

  * Leave MS-DOS Shell temporarily, work on the MS-DOS
    command line while MS-DOS Shell is still running
    in memory, and return to MS-DOS Shell when you are
    finished.

  * Quit MS-DOS Shell and remove it from memory.

Related Procedures
   " Using the Command Prompt "~I124~
   " Quitting MS-DOS Shell "~I126~

That's it for the MS-DOS Shell Basics. Choose Using Help from the Help menu to learn more about the Help system.@@

!R100!@
Basic Procedures

Using the Mouse
   " Working with a Mouse "~I150~

Moving
   " Selecting Windows "~I128~

Using Menus and Commands
   " Selecting and Canceling Menus "~I142~
   " Choosing Commands "~I110~
   " Using Dialog Box Options "~I143~
   " Scrolling Through Lists "~I138~
   " Choosing Command Buttons "~I109~@@

!R101!@
File List Procedures

The following are procedures you use when working in the file list:

Displaying File Lists
---------------------
   " Displaying a List of Files in a Directory "~I119~
   " Displaying Two File Lists "~I121~
   " Displaying a List of All Files "~I118~
   " Displaying the File List and the Program List "~I125~
   " Selecting Windows "~I128~
   " Updating the Lists "~I161~

Working with the Directory Tree
-------------------------------
   " Selecting Drives "~I145~
   " Viewing File, Directory, and Drive Information "~I120~
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~
   " Collapsing Directories "~I112~
   " Changing the File Display Order "~I132~
   " Selecting Files "~I146~
   " Selecting Files Across Directories "~I140~
   " Selecting All Files in a Directory "~I141~
   " Searching for Files "~I139~

Working with Files and Directories
----------------------------------
   " Creating Directories "~I115~
   " Copying Files "~I113~
   " Moving Files "~I129~
   " Deleting Files and Directories "~I117~
   " Restoring Deleted Files "~I155~
   " Renaming Files and Directories "~I136~
   " Viewing File Contents "~I149~
   " Viewing File, Directory, and Drive Information "~I120~
   " Changing File Attributes "~I107~
   " Printing Files "~I134~
   " Associating Files with a Program "~I105~
   " Opening Files "~I131~@@

!R102!@
Program List Procedures

The following are procedures you use when working in the program list:

Displaying the Program List
---------------------------
   " Displaying the Program List "~I162~
   " Displaying the File List and the Program List "~I125~
   " Selecting Windows "~I128~

Creating and Deleting Groups
----------------------------
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~
   " Adding and Changing Program Groups "~I100~
   " Deleting Program Items and Program Groups "~I116~

Changing the Contents of a Group
--------------------------------
   " Adding Program Items to Program Groups "~I102~
   " Copying Program Items "~I114~
   " Deleting Program Items and Program Groups "~I116~
   " Changing Program Item Properties "~I104~
   " Reordering Program Items in a Program Group "~I133~

Using More than One Program
---------------------------
   " Using Task Swapping and the Active Task List "~I152~
   " Switching Between Programs"~I148~@@

!R103!@
Running Programs

The following are procedures you use when working with programs:

   " Starting Programs "~I147~
   " Using Task Swapping and the Active Task List "~I152~
   " Switching Between Programs "~I148~@@

!R104!@
Other MS-DOS Shell Procedures

The following are some additional procedures you use with MS-DOS Shell:

   " Using the Command Prompt "~I124~
   " Leaving MS-DOS Shell "~I160~
   " Changing Colors "~I106~
   " Changing the Screen Display "~I154~
   " Repainting the Screen Display "~I135~
   " Changing Confirmation Messages "~I108~
   " Quitting MS-DOS Shell "~I126~@@

!Q!@
Commands Help

Choose a topic to learn about the commands on that menu.

FILE LIST MENUS
   " File Menu "~I205~
   " Options Menu "~I202~
   " View Menu "~I203~
   " Tree Menu "~I204~
   " Help Menu "~I210~

PROGRAM LIST MENUS
   " File Menu "~I201~
   " Options Menu "~I202~
   " View Menu "~I209~
   " Help Menu "~I210~

VIEW SCREEN MENUS
   " Display Menu "~I207~
   " View Menu "~I208~
   " Help Menu "~I210~@@

!I201!@
File Menu Commands

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " New Command "~PMAA~
   " Open Command "~PMAB~
   " Copy Command "~PMAC~
   " Delete Command "~PMAD~
   " Properties Command "~PMAE~
   " Reorder Command "~PMAF~
   " Run Command "~PMAH~
   " Exit Command "~PMAJ~@@

!I202!@
Options Menu Commands

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " Confirmation Command "~YMDD~
   " File Display Options Command "~YMDE~
   " Select Across Directories Command "~YMDF~
   " Show Information Command "~YMDG~
   " Enable Task Swapper Command "~YMDH~
   " Display Command "~YMDI~
   " Colors Command "~YMDJ~@@

!I203!@
View Menu Commands

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " Single File List Command "~YMDK~
   " Dual File Lists Command "~YMDL~
   " All Files Command "~YMDM~
   " Program/File Lists Command "~YMDN~
   " Program List Command "~YMDO~
   " Repaint Screen Command "~YMEA~
   " Refresh Command "~YMEB~@@

Program List's !I209!@
View Menu Commands

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " Single File List Command "~YMDK~
   " Dual File Lists Command "~YMDL~
   " All Files Command "~YMDM~
   " Program/File Lists Command "~YMDN~
   " Program List Command "~YMDO~
   " Repaint Screen Command "~YMEA~@@

!I204!@
Tree Menu Commands

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " Expand One Level Command "~YMEC~
   " Expand Branch Command "~YMED~
   " Expand All Command "~YMEE~
   " Collapse Branch Command "~YMEF~@@

File List's !I205!@
File Menu Commands

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " Open Command "~1MCA~
   " Run Command "~1MCB~
   " Print Command "~1MCC~
   " Associate Command "~1MCD~
   " Search Command "~1MCE~
   " View File Contents Command "~1MCF~
   " Move Command "~1MCH~
   " Copy Command "~1MCI~
   " Delete Command "~1MCJ~
   " Rename Command "~1MCK~
   " Change Attributes Command "~1MCL~
   " Create Directory Command "~1MCN~
   " Select All Command "~1MCP~
   " Deselect All Command "~1MDA~
   " Exit Command "~1MDC~@@

!I207!@
Display Menu Commands

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " ASCII Command "~VMEO~
   " Hex Command "~VMEP~@@

View Screen's
!I208!@
View Menu Commands

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " Repaint Screen Command "~YMEA~
   " Restore View Command "~VMFB~@@

!I210!@
Help Menu

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " Index Command "~PMBI~
   " Keyboard Command "~PMBJ~
   " Shell Basics Command "~PMBK~
   " Commands Command "~PMBL~
   " Procedures Command "~PMBM~
   " Using Help Command "~PMBN~
   " About Shell Command "~PMBP~@@

!H106!!U!!PDZV!!1DZV!!2DZV!!YDZV!!VSZV!@
Using Help

MS-DOS Shell Help provides a quick way to get information about basic MS-DOS Shell skills, menus, commands, dialog boxes and options, and procedures. You can get quick Help for most items displayed in MS-DOS Shell by pressing the F1 key. Use the Help menu to get additional information about topics such as MS-DOS Shell procedures.

In the Help window, MS-DOS Shell displays the topics you can choose in a different color.

To choose a Help topic:

- Double-click the topic.

Or

1. Press TAB until the topic you want is selected.
2. Press ENTER.

For more information about Help, choose one of the following topics below:

   " Requesting Help Directly "~H100~
   " Using Help Buttons "~H102~
   " Using Help Menu Commands "~H103~
   " How to Learn About MS-DOS Shell "~H104~

Next topic:
   " Requesting Help Directly "~H100~@@

!H100!@
Requesting Help Directly

You can get Help on items MS-DOS Shell displays by pressing F1.

To get Help on a menu, command, or dialog box option:

1. Select the item you want Help on.
2. Press F1.
   Help displays a window with information about
   the item you selected.

To get a description of a dialog box:

 - In the dialog box, choose the Help button.

Or

1. Select the Help button.
2. Press F1 or ENTER.

Next topic:
   " Using Help Buttons "~H102~@@

!H102!@
Using Help Buttons

Help displays a row of command buttons at the bottom of each Help window.

To                             Choose this button
--                             ------------------
Close the current              Close
Help window

Return to the previous topic   Back

See a list of MS-DOS Shell     Index
Help topics

See a list of MS-DOS Shell     Keys
shortcut keys

Get Help on using Help         Help


Next topic: " Using Help Menu Commands "~H103~@@

!H103!@
Using Help Menu Commands

The following list describes commands on the Help menu:

Index
-----
Provides a list of MS-DOS Shell topics.

Keyboard
--------
Lists keys, key combinations and shortcut keys you use with MS-DOS Shell.

Commands
--------
Explains all MS-DOS Shell commands. This information is organized according to the menus in which the commands appear. (You can get the same information by selecting a command and pressing F1).

Procedures
----------
Provides step-by-step instructions for performing tasks in MS-DOS Shell.

Shell Basics
------------
Provides an introduction to using MS-DOS Shell.

Using Help
----------
Provides an introduction to MS-DOS Shell Help. This is the information you are using right now.

About Shell
-----------
Displays copyright and version information about MS-DOS Shell.

Next topic: " How to Learn About MS-DOS Shell "~H104~@@

!H104!@
How to Learn About MS-DOS Shell

Following are several ways to learn more about MS-DOS Shell:

If you want                        Use
-----------                        ---
Instant Help                       The F1 key

An introduction to MS-DOS Shell    The Shell Basics command
                                   on the Help menu

Step-by-step instructions          The Procedures command
                                   on the Help menu@@

More information -- x-refs from program item and group F1 Help

!$129!@
More on Command Prompt

You can start a program by typing the exact program filename and then pressing ENTER. If the file is not in the current directory, you must precede the filename with its complete path. You can use the MS-DOS directory wildcards (.. and .) to specify paths.

Type any parameters for the program after the program name. For example, to automatically open a file when you start your text editor, type the name of your text editor's program file followed by the name of your text file.

For more information on MS-DOS commands, type HELP at the command prompt. For more information about wildcards, see "MS-DOS Basics" in the User's Guide.@@

!$130!@
More on Editor

When you quit Editor, you will return to MS-DOS Shell.

You can specify the following parameter and switches:

[[drive:][path[filename]] [/B] [/G] [/H] [/NOHI]

/B       Allows the use of monochrome screen with a
         color graphics card.
/G       Provides the fastest update of a CGA screen.
/H       Displays the maximum number of lines possible
         for your screen.
/NOHI    Allows the use of a screen without high-intensity
         support.

For information about using MS-DOS Editor, see the online MS-DOS Editor Help.@@

!$131!@
More on MS-DOS QBasic

When you quit MS-DOS QBasic, you will return to MS-DOS Shell.

You can specify the following parameter and switches:

[/B] [/EDITOR] [/G] [/H] [MBF] [/NOHI] [[/RUN]
    [drive:][path]filename


/B                Allows the use of monochrome screen with a
                  color graphics card.
/EDITOR           Starts MS-DOS Editor.
/G                Provides the fastest update of a CGA
                  screen.
/H                Displays the maximum number of lines
                  possible for your screen.
/MBF              Converts the built-in functions MK$$,
                  MKD$, CVS, and CVD to MKSMBF$, MKDMBF$,
                  CVSMBF, and CDVMBF, respectively.
/NOHI             Allows the use of a screen with high-
                  intensity support.
/RUN              Runs a program file in QBasic before
                  displaying it.
[drive:][path]filename
                  Specifies the program file to load or run.

For information about using MS-DOS QBasic, see the online MS-DOS QBasic Help.@@

!$132!@
More on Disk Copy

You can specify the following parameters and switches:

[drive1: [drive2:]] [/1] [/V]

drive1:   Specifies the drive containing the source disk.
drive2:   Specifies the drive containing the destination disk.
/1        Copies only the first side of the disk.
/V        Verifies that the information is copied correctly.

The two disks must be the same type.
You may specify the same drive for drive1 and drive2.

Related Procedure
   " Copying Files "~I113~

For more information about the DISKCOPY command, type HELP DISKCOPY at the command prompt.

!$133!@
More on MS Backup

You can specify the following parameters and switches:

[filename] [/BW] [/LCD] [/MDA]

filename            Specifies the name of the MS Backup setup file to be loaded.
                    You do not need to include the .SET extension.
/BW                 Specifies a VGA monochrome display.
/LCD                Specifies a laptop LCD display.
/MDA                Specifies an IBM monochrome (or compatible) display.

Related Procedures
   " Backing Up Files "~I165~
   " Restoring Backed Up Files "~I166~

For more information about the parameters and switches, type HELP MSBACKUP at the command prompt.@@

!$134!@
More on MS Anti-Virus

You can specify the following parameters and switches:

[[drive:] [drive:] [drive:] | [path]] [/S] [/C] [/R] [/A] [/L] [/N] [/P] [/F] [/VIDEO]

drive:           Specifies the drive(s) on which to check for viruses.
path[filename]   Specifies the location and/or file(s) you want to scan.
/S               Scans for viruses.
/C               Scans for viruses and cleans up viruses that are detected.
/R               Displays a summary of the results after the check for
                 viruses is complete.
/A               Scans all disk drives except A and B.
/L               Scans all local disk drives except A and B.
/N               Supresses full-screen interface and results; stores 
                 results, if any viruses are detected, in a file called
                 MSAV.TXT.
/P               Supresses full-screen interface, but displays results
                 when scanning is complete.
/F               Supresses the names of files scanned. This switch is
                 valid only when used with the /N or /P switch.
/VIDEO           Displays a list of additional switches that affect how 
                 MS Anti-Virus is displayed.

For more information about MS Anti-Virus, type HELP MSAV at the command prompt.@@

!$135!@
More on Format Disk

You can specify the following parameters and switches:

drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/U] [/F:size] [/B | /S]
drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/U] [/T:tracks /N:sectors]
   [/B | /S]
drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/U] [/1] [/4] [/B | /S]
drive: [/Q] [/U] [/1] [/4] [/8] [/B | /S]

/V[:label]  Specifies the volume label.
/Q          Performs a quick format.
/U          Performs an unconditional format.
/F:size     Specifies the size of the floppy disk to format,
            in kilobytes (such as 360, 720, 1.2, 1.44).
/B          Allocates space on the formatted disk for system
            files.
/S          Copies system files to the formatted disk.
/T:tracks   Specifies the number of tracks per disk side.
/N:sectors  Specifies the number of sectors per track.
/1          Formats a single side of a floppy disk.
/4          Formats a 5.25-inch 360K floppy disk in a
            high-density drive.
/8          Formats eight sectors per track.

Related Procedure
   " Formatting Floppy Disks "~I164~

For more information about the FORMAT command, type HELP FORMAT at the command prompt.@@

!$136!@
More on Quick Format

If the disk has already been formatted and needs to be formatted again, Quick Format is much faster than Format.

You can specify the following parameters and switches:

drive: [/V[:label]] [/U] [/B | /S]

/V[:label]  Labels the disk as specified.
/U          Performs an unconditional format.
/B          Allocates space on the formatted disk for system
            files.
/S          Copies system files to the formatted disk.

Related Procedure
   " Formatting Floppy Disks "~I164~

For more information about the FORMAT command, type HELP FORMAT at the command prompt.@@

!$137!@
More on Undelete

You can specify the following parameters and switches:

[[drive:][path]filename] [/DT | /DS | /DOS]

[/LIST|/ALL|/PURGE[:drive] | /STATUS | /LOAD | /UNLOAD | /S[:drive] | /Tdrive[-entries]]

[drive:][path]filename
                  Specifies the location and/or name(s) of 
                  the files you want to recover.
/DT               Recovers only files listed in the 
                  deletion-tracking file.
/DS               Recovers only those files listed in the
                  SENTRY directory.
/DOS              Recovers only those files that are internally
                  listed as deleted by MS-DOS.
/LIST             Lists the deleted files that are available
                  to be recovered.
/ALL              Recovers deleted files without prompting
                  for confirmation on each file.
/PURGE[:drive]    Purges contents of the delete-sentry directory.
/STATUS           Displays the type of delete protection in effect
                  for each drive.
/LOAD             Loads Undelete using the UNDELETE.INI options.
/UNLOAD           Unloads Undelete from memory.
/S[:drive]        Enables delete-sentry method of protection, and
                  loads Undelete in memory.
/Tdrive[-entries] Enables delete-tracking method of protection,
                  and loads Undelete in memory.

Related Procedure
   " Restoring Deleted Files "~I155~

For more information about the parameters and switches, type HELP UNDELETE at the command prompt.

For more information about the TMP variable, see "Configuring Your System," in the User's Guide.

UNDELETE (c) Copyright 1987-1991, Central Point Software, Inc.@@

